VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2014 | Volume:8 | Issue:3 (31)|Papers Count:8

This investigation was carried out on cattle slaughtered in Sarab abattoir during four seasons of the year. In order to find second and third instar hypoderma larvae, area under the skin and body surface were examined and for first instar larvae, the internal surface of the esophagus from its cranial to caudal end and the spinal canal from cervical to sacral regions were examined in slaughtered cattle. In this study, from a total of 453 slaughtered cattle which were examined, first instar larvae of Hypoderma bovis were found in the epidural fat of the spine initially in November - December (0.03%), the larvae continued to be found in the spine canal for the next four months. The peak rate of infestation was 0.2% in January - February. The second and third instar larvae of Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum were found initially in subcutaneous tissues and body surface of slaughtered cattle February (0.14%) and their presence continued till July- August of the following year. Maximal infestation rate of the subcutaneous tissues was recorded during March- April (0.21%). The findings of this research indicated that infestation of cattle with Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum is present in Sarab region and the more suitable time for destroying hypoderma larvae in this region is an early autumn of each year.

Myocardial infarction affecting the mechanical, electrical, structural and biochemical properties of the heart, accounts for one of the causes of death in developed countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of resveratrol on isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction in rats. For this purpose, fourty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four equal groups including: 1-control, 2-resveratrol treatment, 3-Isoproterenol treatment and 4-Isoproterenol plus resveratrol treatment groups. Isoproterenol (85 mg/kg) was administered at two consecutive days with 24h interval subcutaneously and resveratrol (20 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally for 30 consecutive days. Finally, blood samples were collected for measurement of cardiac biomarkers, creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase. All animals were euthanized for histopathological examination and the assay for myocardial antioxidant status, by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. Microscopically, myocardial tissues of the isoproterenol treated group showed severe degenerative and necrotic changes, while resveratrol alleviated myocardial necrotic damage. Levels of SOD, CAT and GPx decreased significantly (p<0.01) in the isoproterenol treated group, but increased significantly (p<0.05) in the isoproterenol plus resveratrol treatment group. Resveratrol significantly (p<0.05) decreased MDA levels which was increased by isoproterenol treatment. The results showed that resveratrol due to its antioxidant properties protects the cardiac tissue of rats from isoproterenol-induced ischemic damage.

Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum from genus Ornithobilharzia genus and family Schistosomatidae is an important agent of parasitological infection in sheep. This parasite has been reported from Russia, China, Turkestan (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan), Pakistan, Iraq, Turkey and Iran. Parasitological infection due to this agent could be one of the important factors of decreasing the production rate of livestock in Iran. The purpose of this study, was to experimentally infect sheep with this parasite and confirm the infection by post-mortem examination and Histopathology which was done successfully. Twenty five sheep were used in the study of which 10 sheep were experimentally infected by Ornithobilharzia turkestanikum using subcutaneous injection and 10 sheep by skin contact method and the other 5 sheep were kept as control. Result of post-mortem and Histopathology during a one year period confirmed that all of sheep were infected and adult worm, were seen in their mesentery. Mean number of cercaria used for inducing the infection was 6425 and 462 adult worms were collected post-mortem. There was no significant relationship between the number of cercaria and adult worms collected. Male sheep were more infected than female.

The aim of the current study was to evaluate of wound healing activity of flaxseed oil and its combination with Cinnamon hydroalcoholic extract on excision of wound healing model in rabbit. Sixty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly allocated into 4 experimental groups. Two full-thickness skin excisional wounds were created on thoracolumbar region on each side of the dorsal midline in each rabbit. Rabbits in group 1 did not receive any treatments. In group 2, rabbits received placebo ointment; in group 3, animals were treated with flaxseed oil 2% ointment. In group 4, rabbits received ointment containing a combination of flaxseed 2%+Cinnamon hydroalcoholic extract 3%. Wound area (mm2) was determined on days 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 using a transparent paper. Tissue samples were collected on days 3, 7, 14 and 20 for histopathological studies with Masson trichrome staining.According to the results, ointment containing a combination of flaxseed oil 2%+Cinnamon hydroalcoholic extract 3% significantly decreased wound area on all days after wounding in comporison with the control (p<0.05). Also, this combination ointment caused a significantly improved fibroblast distribution in treated animals compared to other groups (p<0.05). Our data showed that co-administration of flaxseed oil 2%+Cinnamon hydroalcoholic extract 3% ointment had beneficial effects on wound healing.

Paratuberculosis or Johne's disease is a severe chronic and progressive intestinal inflammation in ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis which can lead to great economic losses to the livestock industry especially dairy idustry. On the other hand, it is known as a zoonosis in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease in humans. This study was conducted with the purpose of phylogenetic analysis of Mycobacterium avium par tuberculosis isolated from dairies in Tehran.In this study, DNA extraction was performed on 100 stool samples from Johne's disease infected cattle. Then using specific primers of gene IS900, Nested PCR reactions was carried out and from the positive samples isolated, 14 cases were randomly selected and sent to Macro gene Company in Korea for sequencing. In this study, 28 samples from a total of 100 stool samples were positive for MAP. After sequencing, more than 99% of the positive samples were similar with sequences in gene bank. The Results showed that Nested PCR technique can be a valuable test for detection of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in animals. The sequencing results indicated that strains KJ629114 and AE016958 had the highest similarity and CP000325 had the highest difference in GyrA gene. In regard to GyrB gene, the highest similarity belongs to strains AE016985, CP005928 and CP009614 and the highest difference was related to GU143884.

Cryptosporidium is a genus of apicomplexan protozoans that can cause gastrointestinal illness with diarrhea in domestic animals, poultry and humans. In addition to the direct economic effects of the clinical disease, the damage caused to the immune system and interaction with other pathogens such as IBD virus has significant effects. The present study has been carried out with the purpose of determining infection to Cryptosporidium.in native poultry Tabriz region and its suburb the present study, 400 fecal samples from native poultry were prepared and examined. Based on our results, from 400 examined samples in 14% of cases cryptosporidium infection was seen. The highest infection vote with 15 positive samples (15%) was recorded during winter and the next highest infection with 9% was seen in autumn. Chi squared analysis of results indicated significant difference infection rate during difference seasons of the year (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in infection rate between malls and females. According to our results, native poultry cryptosporidium infection rate in Tabriz and suburb is high and this problem could be related to native poultry husband any methods and their free unhealthy nutrition and drinking in the environment.

The microflora of the normal ocular surface is one of the sources supplying fungal agents for keratomycosis. This study was conducted to identify fungal isolates of the conjunctiva in clinically healthy Iranian native cattle in Urmia district. Swabs were taken from both eyes of cattle (n=45) and cultured onto Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and malt extract agar. Plates were incubated at 25oC and examined for 7 days. Data were analyzed for the effect of age and sex by fisher’s exact test. Thirteen cattle (28.89%) were found to be positive for fungal growth. The isolated fungal genera were Aspergillus spp-7 cases (53.84%), Penicillium spp-6 cases (46.15%), Rhodotorula sp-1 case (7.69%) and Candida sp-1 case (7.69%). Yeast genera represented 13.3% of all the isolates. Sex and age of cattle had no significant effect on prevalence of isolates. Incidence of fungal colonization of the eyes compared with similar studies was low which may reflect differences in season and technique of sampling. Unexpected high frequency of Aspergillus may be due to geographic differences.

During summer 2010, in order to investigate ectoparasites infestation, a total of 12 carrion crows (Corvus corone) were caught from Miandoab region. Thereafter, a total of 32 lice (19 female, 13 male) were collected on feathers of seven infested crows and dehydrated, cleared and mounted. Measurements of different body parts of mounted specimens were made. The identification of lice indicated that they belong to Philopterus ocellatus. Morphologically, body is elongated, brown in color, measured about 2-3 mm in length and ≤1 mm in width. Head is triangular in shape, measured 0.7-0.8 mm in length and 0.3-0.4 mm in width, expanded in the caudal region. Five-segmented, very short antennae with initial long segment lie posterior to conus. It has large buccal cavity having 3-4 pairs of very prominent lateral sensory hairs as pre and postconal setae in which postconal setae are longer than preconal setae. The legs are short ending in a stout single claw. Third pair of legs is relatively sturdy and longer than two other pairs. The abdomen has 9 abdominal segments with abundant setae and quite evident respiratory pores on marginal plates. In females, the ovipositor and in males genitalia with characterizations related to reported species are clearly seen. According to the obtained results, the infestation rates varied from 3 lice in lowest to 8 lice in highest rate. The prevalence of infestation was determinated as 58.33%. Regarding the lack of comprehensive research on bird lice infestation in this study area, it is essential to conduct further extensive studies on various aspects of lice infestation.