TARIKH
Year:2010 | Volume:5 | Issue:17|Papers Count:8

Unilateral thinking and the tendency to belief assimilation which was conducted by Sunni conservative flows began to establish simultaneously with the emersion of free thinking and the growth of intellectual science. But in the center of reign, a serious collision and defiance began against belief- thought pluralism by Caliph MotevakkelAbbasi. In Iran and after the nationalism of the Alboyedenasty, this process was establishing by Mahmood Ghaznavi through physical removal of dissidents who were mainly shia, and reached its peak at the age of Saljoghian with the actions of Khaje Nezam AIMolk- the famous minister of AlhArsalan- and Malik Shah. Nezam Al Molk began a fundamental struggle against thought- belief pluralism by establishing military schools and reliance on the theorizing power of religious jurisconsults such as Abo Hamed Ghazali. These actions had a determinant role in the deterioration of intellectual flow in Iran and world of Islam.

One of the contracts or concessions with foreigners during the Pahlaviregirne, and especially the British colonial government was signed; a contract or a new point called is sat. Oncluding contracts for such shameful background and 1312/1933 the contract M Ninth M /1919 making many ofthe political climates created its first contract in August respectively. English when it could not make the contract action, the spirit of the 1298Sh with series of primaries and hand poured 1920/M 1299 contract in the form of coup No. to create the Pahlavi went. This first screen display and disarmament Ahmad Shah Qajar dynasty was endangered. All purpose English from strengthening Reza Khan and the work to him was that economic interests and political they each provide and the spirit of Sh into newer live formation and reorganization abolished 1298M /1919 the contract in Sh was between I ran and Britain was 1312M / 1933 contract Darcy and Contracting signed by which the oil company of Iran and Britain started its activity, and historians Sh more contract 1312M / 1933 therefore believe that the disadvantages of contract No. one major blunders Reza Khan know. 1312M/ 1933 Darcy and Contracting - Reza Khan - English - Darcy contract - and the 1312M / sat 1933.

The main reason for the emergence of constitutionalism in Iran was justice house established to attend to the differences and problem people in addition to protect of their benefits and rights it can prevent from dictatorship and anarchy in the country. This process leads to the formation of the National Council but constition of the parliment because the elements dependent on the representatives and their weak performance. not only did eliminate the problem but it provided the base ofreza khan dictatorship. the three parliment of the first to third Constitution and each one closed for any reason. The Fourth parliment also closed after a long period of interregnum andAfter the 1299 coup started But in the course of this parliament and constitution of the Fifth Parliament took lots of attempts to change the political system. On the one hand, Reza Khan, used all his efforts to gain absolute power and On the other hand Forces loyal to the constitutional principles believed that evolutionof the political system as the further the return dictatorship abd it will caused to destroy constitution wishes. Although at this time of parliment spiritual representatives and scholars done a lot of good adn useful efforts but at this space created particularly in fifth parliment it was barrier preventing reza khan goals.

Iran formation and evolution of thought and belief and good faith acceptance have been the ideas of some nations amongst Iranians. There have been different analysis and contradictory scheme on How Iranians trend to Shia, so in order to achieve necessary Knowledge about this, it is need to do critical and fair researches. Iranians Who have been in Kufa in the first century in this regard played an important role.This article with a reviews of the Iranians of Kufa interest to Shia and their role who have been in the process of historical developments study some of the hypotheses raised like Iranian’s sharing ideas with Shia and eventually prove the principle of human orientation to humanitarian principle and justice and accountability mettle to the norm of the trends occurring to suitable substrates caused to select Shiism by Iranians.As well as the package of their measures and activities during the First hejra century is placed in review.

Along the history ofiran a lot of people and revolution movement took place, that much of these movements aim is nothing except fighting with imperialism and despotism. Long this history the leaders of these movements were highly respected, jungle’s movement is one of these people’s movements that took place by leadership of MirzaKoochak khan Jangali in constitution era and has more importance comparing to other movements of this era, such as (Mohammad Khiyanani’s movement, colonel Mohammad TaghiPesian, Sattar khan) in regard of place and duration of movement.

A magazine called “Past and Present” was published in England in the 1960s which propagated the analysis of social history. Theses historians considered historical agency different from their predecessors. For them the agents in history were not merely the elites but the subalterns as well. They believed that the Subalterns played an equal role in historical changes. In the 1980s, social history interested Indian and Latin American historians. These historians, through their analysis of the history written after independence, came to this conclusion that their national history has been written through the lenses of the national elites who were the members of Nationalist Party. Through this historiography, those events that did not comply with nationalists’ interests underwent amnesia and were dismissed from history. There was a striking similarity between colonial historiography in which the colonial elite was the agent of change and Nationalist Historiography in which the agency belonged to the nationalist elite. The subalternists attempt to retrieve the silenced voices and subjectivities of the people whose lower status in the society caused them being ignored in their national history.

Invasion of mongol in century 13 had deep profound effects on expansion of Asia and Europe in that time. Beginning of the political relations between west (Catholic Europe) and East (mongol empire) was one of the changes which had and been occurred. These relations began by Catholic Church and if possible to attract Mongols toward that church and also to incite them against Islam world. According to Dr. Mohammad Taghi Emami Khoee, this policy was threshold of diplomacy “East agains East” by Catholic west. This article tries to study relations process of Catholic West and Mongols based on mentioned hypothesis.

Seyed Abdollah Mojtahed Behbahani Was born in Najaf. His Father (Seyed Islam Mojtahed) was the clerics of Tehran. His Ancestors were residents of Bahrain Island that because the Wahhabis power, they Left Bahrain.They were settled in Behbahan and they has been called Behbahani. Seyed Abdollah in Najaf educated with sheikh Morteza Ansari and others and received degrees Ijtihad. In 1295 A.H he came to Tehran, and instead of his father, to pay for religious and Social affairs.He Joined to Seyed Mohammad Tabatabaie during Constitutional movement and he also opposed Darla chancellor. He wants to sit in the shrine if constitutional ist of Imam Abdol-Azim (Hassani Rey) and Qom.After the ball close to the parliament, he was arrested and was deported to Iraq (Kerman shahan) that them he returned to Tehran after Conquest. And he was welcomed with passionate people and constitutionalists. On Friday, 8 Rajab 1328 A.H, he was killed in home to three anonymous. His killer knows the bunch of Haidar Aughly uncle That This Work has been done Hassan Taghizadeh. He was buried in the family mausoleum in Najaf.