JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Year:2012 | Volume:5 | Issue:16|Papers Count:8

Appropriate modeling of rainfall is one of the most important tools in different parts of water resources management such as watershed, flood control and water shortage crisis. Statistical and conceptual models can't predict the rainfall accurately, because of nonlinear relations and variable characteristics in space and time of the hydrological cycle. On the other hand hydrological time series modeling is difficult because they are affected by complex factors and aren't distributed in space and time equally and usually isn’t stable. Many new methods and models are available for analyzing and simulating hydrological time series. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the use of wavelet analysis in a wide range of fields in science and engineering.In this paper, we use Meyer wavelet theory to forecast monthly rainfall in Saadat-shahr and Arsanjan and then the results are compared with time series of SARIMA and Box-Jenkins results. We use Box and Cox transformations for data normalizing in time series. Comparing of correlation coefficients in these methods showed wavelet has more accurate predictions than time series and SARIMA also offers more accurate results than Box-Jenkins.

Our country of Iran, due to the mountainous and its special geographical position has been exposed to many natural hazards and due to being located in an earthquake belt and major fault lines, some parts of our country are very susceptible to strong ground motions that is the resonator the risk of landslides. The present study had been carried out in Nir to Sarab region, located in Ardebil province aiming to determine factors influencing in the mass movements and to identify areas susceptible to mass movements and the role of these factors on the occurrence of mass movements (with the weight) Among the factors in the occurrence of mass movements, Lithology, distance from the fault, slope, elevation and precipitation levels was selected in this study. Using tools such as: Geological maps, topographic, and aerial photography in the form of geographic information systems and GIS software, maps of this study was digital and were layered and to analyze the data obtained (through the study of variables), LNRF model was used as a conceptual tool. In the end, giving weight to the factors and their sum, mass movements hazard zonation map obtained with the overlap with the different layers.

Most organizations in urban and urban structures in Ardabil embark on authority project planning and land use almost without scientific consideration of environmental potential, which does not conform to urban sustainable development. According to the soils physical analysis results, Liquid Limit and Plasticity Index of central and eastern part of the city are high. Also, due to the granolometric results of soil formation, there are high percentages of Clay, silt in the unresisting Quaternary alluvial and marl formation in the urban site. Therefore, high extension sensitive soil, silt and marl, gel fraction, capillarity frost heaving in some regions of Ardabil cause land subsidence, emergence of Creek, fussier and titling the structures walls and foundations and caused to intensive distraction of streets Asphalt. On the other hand, steepness of geology layers and topographic, influence of Neo-tectonic, and active micro faults, in the western parts of the city (Carshnasan and Cosar and Dadgostary) make the region a potentially high risk area. It is suggested, that urban sustainable planning must be undertaken with systematic study of site Geology, hydro-geomorphology and a prediction of probable problems.

Flood is considered as one of the most important and destructive natural disaster in the world. It leads to numerous {financial, environmental or human} losses not only in suburban areas, but also in urban areas. Man-made changes in the pattern of natural drainage systems in urban areas and main cities are considered as the significant factor of flood and disastrous consequences of it. The increase in the frequency of flooding in recent years suggests that most parts of the country are exposed to flood attacks. The main goal of this project is to study the status of the Abshooran watershed flooding in South-West of Kermanshah city, and to evaluate the flood volume leading to the city and the Performance of surface-water disposal channels in this area. For this purpose, after digitizing data in Geographical Information System (GIS), different map layers, including rainfall, lithology, soil and land units, drainage density, slope and land cover was produced. Then flood risk assessment and zoning were performed with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and the reasoning approach was applied for assessing the discharge flooding. The results showed that about 30 percent of the watershed area has a high potential for flooding. Also estimation of maximum discharge flooding and pervious experiments indicated that the disposal of surface-water channels in this part of the city of Kermanshah have not the ability to pass flood and in the event of further flooding, the city is going to suffer flood damages again. So for the purpose of reducing flooding in Abshooran watershed, the relevant authorities should plan and implement projects to forecast the necessary requirements for improving the surface-water disposal system of channels of this area.

Crime is a kind of harsh actions against people, which can hurt the others. Some reasons play role in forming crime, such as social and environmental reasons. Among the environmental factors, weather conditions, ecological elements, temperature, moisture, and the rain are very important. Examined zones which have been studied are those of Rasht and Anzali in Guilan. The data used in this research includes a four-year statistics of quarrel (1384-1387) which is collected from the social assistance of the disciplinary force. Also, the related information of temperature, rain and moisture is collected from Rasht weather station. To evaluate the data and its relation with the variables, the researcher used the statistical ways and correlation coefficient. The results indicated that the relation of temperature and the number of quarrel has the highest correlation coefficient index of 0.8234 and the relation of raining with the number of quarrel has the lowest correlation coefficient index of 0.042.

Identification of Regions Having Potential for Landslide Occurrence is One of The Basic Measures in Natural Resources Management. Different Landslide Hazard Zonation Models are Proposed Based on The Environmental Condition and Goals. Nowadays in Countries Involved With Landslide Problem, There is an Increase Trend to Evaluation and Zonation of Risk and dDamage of This Phenomena. Existing Landslides As Earth Evidence Was Identified and Landslide Inventory Map Was Provided. Factors Layers As Geology, Slope, Aspect, Distance From River, Istance From Road, Distance From Fault, Land Use, Rain and Elevation in Arc-GIS Software Was Provided. The Landslide Hazard Zonation Maps are Based on The Information Value, Certainty Factors and Multiple Regressinon Models in Arc-GIS Environment Provided. The Level of Similarity Potential Hazard Figures of These Models Were Compared With The Landslide Inventory Map in The SPSS Environments. Results of Research Showed That There are a Significant Correlation between the Potential Hazard Figures with the Area of Landslides in Three Models. The Multiple Regression Model Have Hieghest Correlation in This Watershed So Multiple Regression Modl is The Best Model for Application in The Bagh Dasht Watershed.

Salt domes have remarkable significance both in geological view and for their effect on water and soil resources in their neighboring zones. In this study the effect of konarsiah salt dome in fars province on konarsiah plain which is located immediately after the end tongue of salt dome has been studied. For this purpose, considering the effect of this dome on soil resources of this plain, sampling has been made from six different points in two depths of 0 – 15 and 15 – 30 (cm) and the degree of salinity, sodication, or salinity and sodication of soils based on the index offered by US Department of Agriculture (USDA) was studied and compared. The results of analysis and comparison of data have shown that the effect of Konarsiah dome on the soils of that zone in regard to different degrees of salinity or sodication has not been very intensive and the maximum range of changes has been observed in agricultural lands which is due to their irrigation with waters the quality of which has been affected by salt domes of the zone. Whereas these changes in agricultural soils may cause the stop of agricultural activities and economics of the zone, the improvement of land for continuation of such activities should be put in priority.

Gully erosion one of the most important types water erosion and as of ephemeral gully erosion and runoff is an evolved state. Among the most important processes are land degradation and because the sediment product, great damage to land, agricultural machinery, irrigation, and loss of soil and vegetation, land using limits. in the research to identify potential Gully erosion was used to assess the indicators of climate hydrothermal coefficient and WS. The survey results show climate indicators used in this study and the value calculated for hydrothermal Coefficient HTK, Byakhy Sanandaj basin with 7.1 for basin Palngan Kamyaran with 3.1 and the valley basin of mineral is Court 2.2 Thus for The three watersheds with high sensitivity and strong potential are spreading for gully erosion. Between the three basins in the area, Hzarkanyan basin the most potentials and the least sensitive area Palngan you spread this phenomenon are considered. The climate index Ws obtained in the basin is indicated And this index for Byakhy basin factor in the basin in all months except bahman months. Thus the line of gully erosion of advance is intense in the Persian was negative in all months except Bahman month. In this Palngan basin coefficient is negative in all months of the year. there is gully erosion in the year ravine. But in the Hzarkanyan basin this coefficient was positive in the day and bahman months. Risk of erosion of the ravine in two months, and especially in the winter will be minimized. Ditch on the side of other factors causing this condition, a significant role will be in environmental management and control of gully erosion.