JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Year:2011 | Volume:3 | Issue:10|Papers Count:8

Nowadays in countries involved with landslide problem, there is an increase trend to evaluation and zonation of risk and damage of this phenomena. Identification of regions having potential for landslide occurrence is one of the basic measures in natural resources management. Different landslide hazard zonation models are proposed based on the environmental condition and goals. In this research landslide hazard zonation map using information value model was provided and applicability of this model is investigated in Bagh Dasht watershed. Existing landslides as earth evidence was identified and landslide inventory map was provided. information layers as Geology, slope, aspect, distance from river, distance from road, distance from fault, land use, rain and elevation was provided. For doing this, existing landslides have been identified and an inventory map made. The landslide hazard zonation map is based on the information value in Arc-GIS environment provided. The level of similarity potential hazard classes and figures of this model were compared with the landslide inventory map in the SPSS environments. Results of research showed that there is a significant correlation between the potential hazard classes and figures with the area of landslides. So the information value model is suitable for application in the Bagh Dasht Watershed.

Agricultural development in recent decades increased exploitation of groundwater resources in remedial Plains city has Lengeh. As a result large harvest and lack of nutrition aquifer, the large drop in underground water level is there. This also reduces water quality and increasing salinity in this region also has. The purpose of this study causes the groundwater level decline is plain. To achieve this goal, experimental and analytical methods used. The various maps, images and software tools have formed the main study. Also, extensive field work and surveys of time with previous studies in information gathering stage is used. Relationship between changes in work study techniques precipitation and ground water level changes through the plain water level measurement wells and changes them periodically through the data from these wells Pizometry levels respectively. Geomorphologic units also impact on the status of ground water area is also examined. Results show that the highest digital underground water level drops to the eastern lowland areas towards the West and from this part of the loss of underground water level is reduced. The process of direct connection with the frequency of wells drilled and the features they show. Moreover, droughts over recent years because of the line and led out of the aquifer and the equilibrium volume fraction of the underground water tank has been plain.

Physical expansion of city is a process in which both physical limits and built structures move in a direction within a period of time. The main goal of this research is assessment of physical development process and changes in land use of the Hesarak Village lands during 1955, 1979 and 2001. Intitally, the study limits were designated on topographic map, satellite and air photos. Then by geographic information system the needed informative layers such as slope, height scales and land use of the site were produced. The following results are gained via field study and data that are received from library resources and related maps and graphs. The effective factors on developing the district under study include two groups of geomorphic and human factors. Geomorphic factors include: topography, slope, geological characteristics, possibility of rising mountainside movements, effects of river and running waters. Human factors include: constructing Islamic Azad University, role of housing cooperatives (positive factors on process of developing district), facilities of oil warehouse, gardens & agricultural lands and lands that are owned by police force (limitation factors on developing district). In the year 1334, the total area of this research was 6.26 km2, 84.8% belonged to waste lands, 15% to orchards land and 0.15% to residential bulding. In the year 1358, area of waste lands was 72.8%, Orchards was 16.4%, bulding and utility was 10.8%. In the year 1380, waste lands were decreased to 21.8% and orchards to 13.5% and meantime, lands under construction had increased to 57.8%.

Air pollution is one of the major effective parameters in the urban microclimates and a sign of city-dwelling growth, increase of pollution, extra use of fossil fuel resources, lack of technologies adaptable to the environment and most important is lack of a proper environmental management. This pollution shows a more perspective in the developing or underdeveloped countries especially in macro-cities so that Iran and its big cities have faced main problems in this case. (Rezaee, 1366). The aim of studying air pollution is to prevent its increase and lessen it. According to the census, many people die each year because of air pollution.Our country, Iran, and its big cities have main problems in this case. In spite of serious efforts of those in charge in this city, we still cannot see positive effects in the decreasing trend of air pollution. One day in every 3 days is air-polluted by main pollutants and several factors play a role in its pollution. In this research, the degree of concentration of air pollutants of Tehran City was prepared according to the references to Tehran’s Environmental Preservation Organization from 7 fixed stations of air pollution measurement. Then 5 selected Synoptic stations in Tehran City was chosen and the pollution-measuring stations were located based on those stations. The assessment of this research between 1364-1384 was conducted in 3 statistical periods (6, 7, 7 years). Moreover, the relation between the variables under study was evaluated using power index. According to this study, the most amounts of pollutants was observed in the northern station of Tehran.

Knowing wind energy and its features can help programmers in using this clean, free and renewable energy. Iran is located in the west wind region, and the common wind direction is from north-west to south-west in Iran. But in some regions of Iran, due to special regional conditions as well as the synoptic factors of atmosphere, the wind direction is different from the common wind direction in Iran. The wind speed is also higher than the average speed of west winds. Based on the statistics from wind speed and direction in 120 synoptic stations, Iran is divided into ten big wind classes each of which regarding wind speed and direction has its own special features during different times of year. The most spread class is Sistan class that includes vast section of Sistan and Bluchestan, Kerman, South Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, Yazd and Isfahan provinces.

Nowadays regional managers and experts use bio-climatic conditions as an efficient tool in order to recognize critical points and guide development activities to low-risk areas for ensuring investment Value Added in the best state of urban, development, residency, architecture and tourism. Therefore in this article Yazd city has been assessed on the basis of Becker, Truing, Thermohigrometeric and olgyay indices using synoptic data of Yazd station during 1995-2007. Obtained results show that there are various ranges of bio-climatic conditions from extreme hot to very cool in the area. Also olgyay index has been selected as the best index for determination of comfort limits in the study area that it has been predicted with conformity ability for fewer than 40o latitudes.

Understanding of bioclimatic welfare’s potential in different geographical areas, can assist to planning process and regional development. Comfort and human health in the natural environment has a direct relationship with climatic conditions such as temperature, humidity, sun light and bright sunshine. Apparent temperature is a index for assessing combined effect of temperature and relative humidity on human comfort has been introduced.In this paper human comfort has been evaluated based on bioclimatic indexes and models of Becker, Terjung, Stress pressure, chill-wind and term hygrometric using Lar synoptic climatology station data during1340-1387(1961-2008).The results of this study shows that the bioclimatic condition of the region ranges from very hot to very cool throughout the year. Using these models and indicators, necessary evaluations and guidelines, regarding comfort and discomfort of human being in different occasions of the year are presented here which can be suitable for climatic conditions of Lar. The result of this research may be the base of construction planning in this city.

Human activities and changes on landscape cities has effecting on differences and changes temperature between rural areas and city environment, this phenomenon has said Urban Heat Island (UHI) that it is existing in large cities as a problem of urban pollution, This paper have to try that study this problem.The aim of this paper obtains of deference’s temperature in city and its surrounding areas and submitted by map with geographical information system software analyzing. The research method has used that collecting meteorological data in 10 stations (2 stations synoptic and others stations established. By researches in different area of city and collecting data for 5 months.The result of this paper has shown that differences temperature has existed equal 5-6/4 cent grad between central point of UHI and surrounding area in minimum temperature. In maximum temperature condition has existed 3-5/6 deference temperatures.