JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Year:2011 | Volume:4 | Issue:11|Papers Count:8

In the current study, some available dusty day's data were analyzed to identify the geo-spatial changes of observations, observed by 16 synoptic stations in the west of Iran during the past 55 years. It was identified that all selected weather stations have the most complete and longest periods of recorded data. To provide a preliminary view of a subjected climatology of the average number of days with dust, throughout about 19 province of the country, yearly and monthly data have been examined.It was determined that inside of the study area, the occurrence of days with dust are not homogeneous and such phenomena increases from the north to the south. To review the trend of occurrence of dusty day's two non-parametric statistical methods such as a Mann-Kendall and a Sen.’s Estimator were accordingly introduced to the data. Primary results showed that such methods could be adapted for signifying of the existing trend types. Some initial models proved that in all stations (except Khoy) various positive trends could be recognized. However, it was acknowledged that between them, only 8 time series have significant trends; nevertheless these data could be reduced to the 5 main stations which have completely positive statistical meaningful trends. In the final stage, to illustrate the geographic distribution of dusty day's trend in the study area a GIS was settled and accordingly all associated maps were designed and interpreted.

In order to achieve a proper and effective method for preventing the groundwater from future pollutions, the vulnerability evaluation systems were developed. Presently, there are different methods to detect the contamination potentiality of the ground waters. According to these methods some regions are more vulnerable to contamination than others. The present research evaluates the Delineative of vulnerability of Golgir Plain Aqifer. This plain is located on the east of Khuzestan Province. Due to its rich resources of groundwater and fertile soil the plain enjoys a flourishing agriculture. However, due to the massive agricultural activities the quality of the groundwater has been exposed to agricultural chemicals particularly Nitrate, that is why evaluation of the vulnerability is important in managerial decision makings about this plain. Among the existing methods of vulnerability evaluation the DRASTIC model and fuzzy Inference have been employed. Principles of the DRASTIC model are based on the combination of hydrological and hydro-geological indexes that affect the transmission or non-transmission of contaminations with Boolean Logic being used to calculate the indexes. The Boolean logic may result in erroneous conclusions about the quantities that proximate the borders. The fuzzy logic can help the accuracy of results particularly concerning the border quantities. Therefore, this method has been used in the present research and the results have been compared to those of the Bolin logic. The results of this research confirm the power of fuzzy modeling of hydro-geological parameters which which lacked assurance.

In this paper, the contour map carried out with using daily precipitation of 169 synoptic, climatology and rain gauge stations from 1951 to 2004 that had more than 10 years. A 19724*169 matrix obtained. Then for each days in solar calendar calculated the mean daily of Precipitation and Obtained a 366*169 matrix. In order to calculate Precipitation for study area digital maps with a spatial resolution of 14*14 km daily maps have been calculated with kriging method. Cluster analysis applied on this matrix and showed that according to amount and time of receiving precipitation three different precipitation regions detected in the study area. These mentioned regions including weak, moderate and super rain region.

This research is considered geo hazards of landslide, earthquake, flood, erosion and desertification in Golestan province. For this purpose, the province's digital topographic maps, aerial photographs, satellite images, geological and pedological maps, the statistic of hydrometric and seismic stations, the data of Golestan earthquake which is recorded in recent 20 years and desertification/erosion zonation maps were used. In addition, the Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP) technique was employed for the province landslide hazard zoning and also earthquake intensity and fault-lines layers were used for seismic zoning map and finally the statistic of hydrometric stations were used for flood hazard zoning map and flood coefficient, for erosion hazard zoning from PSIAC model and for desertification zoning map based on the initial map was used. Then, the hazard zoning of each hazard was determined through overlapping of the layer of each factor separately with the cities and townships limits. According to the final results of all hazard zoning maps, the maximum relative surface area encompassing each of the hazards in the province are as follows:30.36% of the province's area is in the high risk landslide zone; 51.84% of the province's area is in the average seismic hazard zone, 28.63% of the province's area is in the low risk flood zone, 39.23% of the province's area is in the average erosion hazard zone and finally 43.93% of the province's area is in the very low risk desertification zone. The Examination of natural hazards with regard to the province's area and population also shows that 23, 1, 215, 13 and 56 villages are at very high risk of desertification, erosion, flood, earthquake and landslide, respectively. According to the results of area and relative area tables of each hazard in Golestan province`s cities and townships, in term of landslide and earthquake, Azadshar township, in term of flood Ramian township, in term of erosion Kalaleh township, in term of desertification Gonbade Kavos township in compared with other townships exposed to higher risk.

Every Action or abandonment of it is termed as crime by legislator. Different factors as Financial poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, shortage of entertainments are effective in committing crimes. One of these factors is significant changes in climate that facilities the backgrounds of crimes. This paper studies the climate changes on committing criminal actions in Larestan area. In this case four crimes (i.e. robbery, car accident, assault and battery, and illegal sexual relationship) have been chosen and the statistics of the above-said crimes in the year 2005, 2007 and 2009 have been extracted from the existing cases in public court or Inghelab court of Larestan.Then the percentage of committing crimes in every season of the year have been determined by making use of statistics software of SPSS.Then the mean of committing crimes in different seasons of the year has been extracted.

Forests are usually known as systems that can be regulate the quality and quantity behaviors of water resources and the first written researches in this field were done in the Europe, USA and East Africa. This research tried to investigate the role of forests in water conservation and flood decrease through comparison the soil infiltration of forest land uses with the other land uses in order to investigate the effects of these degradations on Neka Rud Forested basin flood in 1999. In this regard, land use maps of this basin in 1967 and 1999 have been prepared through GIS Softwares and their comparison showed that the forest area has been decreased in this period. Afterwards, 10 samples were selected in each land use (high density forest, medium density forest, low density forest, rangeland, and agricultural land) and the soil infiltration in each sample was measured by double rings. According to the results, the highest soil infiltration belongs to high density forest and the lowest one belongs to agricultural land. Also, Duncan Test showed that there is a significant difference between observed data of infiltration in agricultural lands and the other land uses. Horton Formula is suitable for calculating the soil infiltration of different land uses of this basin. Finally, vegetation cover changes have been emphasized as the affective factor on the changes of soil infiltration and flood volume in Neka Rud Basin flood in 1999.

Climatologically Regionalization is one of the requirements in environmental planning and land use planning, and climational classification (i.e. recognition of areas which have identical weather) for reaching to overall development in time and place dimension's is necessary.Regarding this matter, for climatological regionalization of Lorestan Province 331 meteorological variables in 1387-1389 statistical periods from 9 scattered synopsis stations were used. Rain data was used by 7 rain-gauge station of Power Ministry and 2 rain–gauge of meteorology organization during statistical periods of 1358 to 1387.Mentioned variables were reduced to 8 components by using principal component analysis method and were rotated by using rotation and rotation variance. Among resulted components with regarding to the score of the factors and rate of variance of 3 factors: temperature, humidity, and rain were selected as principal components in climate determination of the province. Then they were grouped by using of hierarchical clustering method in complete linkage used of stations in this analysis based on amount of their standard scores in resulted components, and as a result Lorestan Province divided into 4 climational areas. Then, climational plan of this province was drawn in Arc\GIS environment based on hierarchical cluster.This province was classified by using empirical methods for the purpose of determination of the most suitable experimental methods. The result have shown that climate of this province has more consistency with its real climate rather empirical methods by using principal component analysis method.

Humans according to their needs change their ecosystem for adjusting geographical conditions at any time. Larestan region is not the exception and has many warm and dry climate specifications such as, high walls and shaded, wind wards and the most important of all are Abanbars. This important phenomenon plays a major role in the morphology of the town from the early days. In this study, the Abanbars were classified based on 11 different aspects. In the data taken that, 58 percent of them were urban Abanbar, 9 percent rural, and 33 percent were outdoor, most observations were related to 105 dome covers, 189 cylinder reservoirs, 211 internal stairs, 128 indirect water supply, 209 ventilation by stomata, 148 drinking water usage, and 176 Simple facades. Also total volume of Abanbars area about 1.87 million cubic meters was estimated, that 65 percent of them are active, 17 percent semi active, and 18 percent are inactive. Finally, most economic and best decision to prevent damage of this important phenomenon and survival region, preserving natural user the Abanbars were presented. Listen Read phonetically Dictionary-View detailed dictionary.