JOURNAL OF PLANT ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
Year:2010 | Volume:4 | Issue:4 (16)|Papers Count:8

In this study, the effects of interaction between zinc (0, 20, 30, and 60 mMZnSo47H2O) and manganese (0, 10, 20 and 30 mMMnSo4H2O) on certain parameters of growth and photosynthesis in 42-day old of tomato crop (Lycopersicon esculentum. Mill cv Urbana Early 111), has been investigated. Results showed that the resistant of tomato crop against stress of Zinc and Manganese, was little. After the first week's treatment, toxicity symptoms of Zinc and manganese were observed as overhang of parenchyma level and pigment accumulation of leaf. Parameters of growth and photosynthesis including values of root and leaf protein, insoluble and soluble sugars in the root, content of chlorophylls a and b, relative growth rate, specific leaf area and leaf area ratio were decreased under zinc and Manganese stresses. The results of this study showed that using high concentrations zinc and manganese caused high toxicity in tomato plants.

Chlorella vulgaris beijernick was grown in medium BG-11 with 5 concentrations of copper (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 M) without aluminum or with aluminum (300 M) and pH 7.1 for 10 days in 20 hours light and 4 hours darkness. In this study, the effect of different treatments on the activity of peroxidase, catalase, Ascorbat peroxidase and superoxid dismotase and nitrate reductase, in vivo, was evaluated. Increase of copper concentration caused increase in activity of antioxidant enzymes. Catalase activity in the presence of aluminum in all copper treatments showed a significant reduction, but peroxidase and Ascorbat peroxidase activities in 20mM treatments decreased significantly when compared with control. The significant decrease in the activity of catalase, peroxidase and Ascorbat peroxidase activity, in 20 mM copper with aluminum comparing with 20 mM copper without aluminum was also observed. Results also showed that the effect of different concentrations of copper without aluminum on nitrate reductase activity was not significant and most nitrate reductase activity in treatments with copper and aluminum was observed in 40 mM that was significant when compared with 20mM treatment and was not significant when compared with other treatments or control. It is concluded that the presence of aluminum, by increasing some of antioxidant enzymes activities, lead to reduce of copper toxicity and algae growth increases.

The Nodooshan region is a part of Sadoogh Township with 109400 hectars. It located in 80 Km West of Yazd city. Its geographical position is 52, 24 to 53, 47 N and 31, 46 to 32, 15 E. The lowest and highest of its heigh are 1529 to 3260 meters and average annual precipitation reaches between 109 to 220 mm. Flora of this region includes 282 plant species that belong to 204 genera and 48 families. Plant samples were collected between 1995 to 2005 years. The important families are Asteraceae with 44 species (15.6%), Papilionaceae with 27 species (9.57%), Brassicaceae with 25 species (8.86%) and Lamiaceae with 24 species (8.51%) respectively. Studying of plants life form by Raunkiaar method showed that Hemicryptophytes with 37.94 percent (107 species) are the most frequent life forms. Therophytes with 28.72 and Champhytes with 16.31 percent of species are less important. Investigation on geographical distribution of plants species showed 74.47 percent (210 species) of the species belong to Irano-Touranian region. Other species can be observed in other zone too. From the 282 species of flora this region 55 species (19.5%) are medicinal plants, 32 species (11.35%) endemic of Iran and 3 species endemic of Yazd.

Rhizobium inoculants have been used for a long period of time to increase yield and decrease nitrogen fertilizers application in different legume crops. Application of these biological fertilizers can provide benefits for environmental purposes and considerable improvement in yield. In order to investigate the effects of inoculating soybean seeds with six different strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (include domestic product of soybean inoculum; RS150, RS151, RS152, RS154 and Nitrogen-Italia inoculums) on uptake of microelements in shoots and subsequently yield, an experiment was conducted on field conditions. In 50 percent flowering stage, leave samples were collected and Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn amount of the samples were determined. Yield was also measured in harvesting time. Results showed that Bradyrhizobium bacteria inoculation had a significant effect on nutrients content of leaves in comparison with the control. In addition, comparing yield in control with other treatments showed that the influence of inoculation on yield was significant. Application of biological fertilizers is therefore so important in optimizing fertilizer consumption in agricultural and ecological system. Thus, biological fertilizers can be used instead of chemical fertilizers due to their considerable effects on increasing yield and diminishing harmful effects of chemical fertilizers on the nature.

Aloe (Aloe barbadensis Mill) is one of the most important medicinal plants belonging to Liliaceae family that nowadays is propagated by in vitro culture in high-scale propagation. Because of the impotance of the establishment stage in in vito culture of this plant, this study was conducted to investigate the best media culture for Aloe explants establishment. First, the prolifration rate of two kind of explants (Shoot tips and auxiliary buds) were evaluated on 8 media cultures and shoot tips selected as the best explants. Then, in order to determine the best media culture an experiment was conducted in factorail design with two factors: auxins in four levels (1 mgl-1 IAA, 0.5 mgl-1IAA, 1 mgl-1IBA, 0.5 mgl-1IBA) and cytokinins in two levels (BA and Kinetin at 1 mgl-1) in a complete randomised design with 3 replications. After 35 days the highest rate of prolifration earned on the media contained 0.5 mgl-1 IAA and 1 mgl-1 BA with 6.0 shoots per explant and 2.3 cm length, that is higher and faster than other related reports. Since on the stablishment stage of in vitro culture regnaration of the highest shoot number per explant with small size has considerable attention, this protocol suggestes an appropriate method for establishment of Aloe explants.

Seed priming is a technique that by means of seeds before sowing and confronting to condition of ecological environment in terms of physiologicaly and biochemically gain fitness for germination. In fact it is a type of presowing treatment. The aim of this study was comparison the effect of several methods of priming on germination and seedling growth of canola under salinity stress in comparative to Nanocide. For this purpose an experiment was conducted in a factorial design with four levels of salinity include 10, 12, 18, 24 dS/m Nacl and one control with three replications. The germination behavior of canola RGS cultivar treated with Nanocide in concentration of 0,20,40 ppm and ascorbate priming in three levels 100,200,400 ppm and hydropriming with distilled water was evaluated. Treatment with nanocide resulted in growth improvement and successful seed establishment, although percentage and rate of seed germination reduced. Priming treatments had a positive effect on germination rate and percentage but had no effect on seedling growth. Seeds treatment that caused increase of seedling growth had more importance under salt stress. With attention to results the best treatment in saline and non-saline environment was nanocide treatment in 200ppm level. In fact nanocide in this concentration improved establishment of canola seeds in saline land.

In this study allelophatic effects of metanolus extract of Eucalyptus camaldulonsis on some morphological and physiological characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated. Six metanolous extract levels (0, 1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 18 g/lit) were used in completely randomized design with 3 replication in growth chamber of research institute of forest and rangelans of Iran. Radicule length, plumule length, vigour index, germination percentage, germination speed, germination index, wet and dry weight of seedling, prolin and soluble sugar in ridicule, and plumule of seedling were estimated. Results showed that for all parameters, allelopathic effects of eucalyptus extraction between treatments were significanted. The increase of extract concentration decreased germination percentage, radicule and plumule length, wet and dry weight and increased prolin and soluble sugar, significantly. Results of negative effects of metanolus extract of Eucalyptus leaves on germination and seedling growth of wheat recommends not usage of this extract for controlling of weeds in wheat farms.

Perovskia abrotanoides karel. belongs to Lamiaceae family, is one of the most important medicinal herbs in North and North east of Iran, with wild grown in mountainous road of Golestan and North Khorasan provinces. Long times ago, it has been used by the rural people in traditional medicine of these regions for treatment of their current ailments. In this research flowering aerial parts and of plant were collected in two natural habitats (1074m in Chamanbid region and 2300m in Shahkooh) respectively, from silty clay loam soils. Methanolic extracts were obtained for evaluated of quantities of flavonoids, phenolic and anthocyanin compounds and analysed by Pearson chisquare in p<0.05. Ethno pharmacological data were obtained from rural healers and Sheepers due to its important ecological effects it has been used by the rural healers as a tonic, anti-septic, anti-inflammation, rheumatic pain, expel worms and treat leishmaniosis especially with combination to other medicinal plants. The quantities of flavonoide, total phenol and anthocyanin were increased in higher region (2300m), especialy to confirm rural believed about P. abrotanoides, which more effective in mountainous region to treat of their current ailments.