JOURNAL OF PLANT ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
Year:2012 | Volume:7 | Issue:1 (25)|Papers Count:8

Germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) c.v. Gasgrojen with 3 seed sizes (small, untreated medium, treated medium and large) were examined on top paper pre moistened with a rang of saline solutions (0, 32.2, 58.9, 98.9, 161.1 and 421.1 mM). After 8d the ungerminated seeds were transferred to distilled water for evaluating of recovery. Final germination and mean germination time were relatively unaffected by NaCl concentration except 421.1mM. Large seeds had higher seedling length and dry weight but with increasing salinity this superiority decreased and at 421.1mM there were not any significant differences among seeds. Seedling growth rate of medium untreated seed was higher than the others. In the germination phase wheat seeds were apparently more tolerance to salinity than the seedling growth rate. Large seeds had the highest germination in recovery period. Failure of seeds to recover from high salinity when transferred in distilled water revealed the toxicity of NaCl. The effect of toxicity on large and medium seeds was lower than small seed. Treated seed with disinfectant was reduced germination in high saline condition and seedling growth in normal condition. Results of this experiment showed that large seeds produced more vigorous seedling of wheat in non-saline or mid-saline conditions but under high-saline condition it's seem that seedling growth and final germination of untreated medium seeds didn't have significant differences with large seeds and could be recommend untreated medium seeds in this condition.

Due to importance of Aromatic plants in food and medicine industrial, this research was carried in the project of the research project of «ecological investigation, of aromatic plants for cultivation and domestication» has been carried out in yazd province, the general study was started refering to scientf resources and compute researches. then the ecological parameters of different, plantations such as pedology position, elevation, direct slope, precentag of slope, perecetage of, prcipitation have been recorded. The result showed of 950 species flora of province 71 species of Aromatic plants belong to 41 genera and 16 family.The most familes are Lamiaceae, Asteraceae and Apiaceae with 36, 10 and 8 species respectivly. The most genera are Nepeta with 9 species, Salvia with 7 species and Artemisia with 4 species. life forms of the plant species of province include Hemichryptophytes 50.7%, Cryptophytes 9.9%, Therophytes 14% Phanerophytes12.7% and chamaephytes, 12.7%. The improtant life formsis Hemichryptophytes.

In order to obtain the best age and appropriate planting distance of Quercus castaneifolia for afforestration in space area of forest, an experiment conducted in a split plot experimental design with two main factors (main plot) (1 and 2 years old seedling) and four subplots of planting distance (1×0.5, 0.5×0.5, 1×0.5 and 1×1m) in the form of randomized complete block design with 4 replication in Loveh forestry plan. Different characteristics such as survival percentage, mean of collar diameter growth and branching condition were measured. Analysis of variance and mean comparison (Duncan) was carried out for measured traits. The results indicated that one year old seedling with 1×1m planting distance had the most survival percentage (77.8%). Effect of age and planting distances on seedling collar diameter growth indicated that seedling at one year of age with planting distance 1×1m had higher collar diameter growth than those at 2 years of age and also other planting distances. One year old seedling with average 99.3 cm height had more growth than those at 2 years old seedling. Plant with 0.5×0.5 m planting distance was higher. With decreasing planting distance plant height increased but the number of lateral twigs deceased. There was not positive relationship between the collar diameter growth and height growth and plant which are planted with low distance are not hopeful for the future.

Yarrow plant with scientific name of A. millefolium L. is one of the most valuable medicinal plants in Golestan province which has been used in traditional medicine of the region for the treatment of different diseases. The usage of this plant in the traditional medicine of region as anthelmintic, anti-infections, latexive, and anti-inflammatory in treat of stomachache, menstrual disorders, haemostatic and wounds is discussable because of variety of monoterpene components (especially terpinolene) in essential oil of plant. So, it is important to investigate medicinal function in in-vivo condition. The aim of this research is recognition of the secondary compositions of essential oil of flowering aerial parts of yarrow. The flowering aerial parts of plant is collected from Mraveh Tappeh which is located in northeast part of Golestan province, then dried and extracted essential oil by water distillation method and Clevenger type. At last, it is analyzed by the GC/MS device. Monoterpenes such as terpinolene (81%), borneol (4.2%), b–pinene (3.5%), P-mentha-3, 8-dinene (2.4%) and xcis-thujone (2.4%) and sesquiterpene such as Chamazulene (2.9%) were the main components in the essential oil of plant flower which contain 95.2% of the 99.43% composition of the total essential oil.

Cheshme-Anjir area in Shiraz is one of the most interesting typical sites in the South of Iran which contains many plant species. This natural storage has been located in Shiraz-Beyza road and visited as natural site by whom interested in nature. Within two entire courses of growth and development, the above mentioned area plants gathered, pictures were taken and identified after transferred into the herbarium. The total number of collected species of this area was more than 72 various species which characterized in 25 families and 60 genera. The most numbers of plants belonged to the families of Compositae, Labiatae, Cruciferae, Papaveraceae Papilionaceae, Umbliferae and Boraginaceae with 13, 11, 5, 5, 5, 4, and 4 species, respectively. Among these, 52 plant species considered as medicinal plant species by referring to available documents, local experts, Shiraz Attaries (grocery stores for herbals). Regarding variety of medicinal plants, family Compositae with 10 species, family Labiatae with 9 species, family Rosaceae, family Umbeliferae, Family Papaveraceae each with 3 species showed the great medicinal form variety in the area. Studying biological form of the species also showed over 57% are hemicryptophytes, 14% therrophytes, 8% phanerophytes, 8% cryptophytes, %6 Camophytes and 4% geophytes. With regard to the great number of medicinal plant species in this nearly small area, this site can be used as a place for basic training of exploiting natural resources particularly medicinal plants.

In order to study phosphorus and potassium content of shoot, root and rizosphere of two rangeland species of Artemisia sieberi and Salsola dendroides, an experiment was conducted in Til-Abad area of Golestan province. After identifying habitat of these two species, sampling was done with randomly–systematic method from shoot and root of the two species along 5 transects. The transect length determined based on area extent and variation. After collecting samples and transporting to the laboratory nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content were determined. After reviewing the data, their analysis was done by using t-test. The results showed that quantitative of nitrogen and potassium of shoot and root of Salsola dendroides species was the highest. Shoot potassium content was higher than root on the both species. Phosphorus content shoot of Artemisia sieberi was more than other species. But from the quantitative amount of that in root of Salsola dendroides was more than the root of Artemisia sieberi. In general, in the both species potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen in shoot and root were higher. The results obtained from rizosphere of two species also showed that nitrogen and potassium content in the rizosphere of two species did not have significant differences but phosphorus content in rizosphere of Salsola dendroides was more than other species.

The genus of Onosma (Boraginaceae) contain almost 150 species in worldwide and distributed in Mediterranean and Iran- Tourane region and 37 species of that distributed in Iran. The main purpose of this study was to analyze palynological characters of the members of the genus and evaluating the efficiency of these features in systematics of it. Palynology scanning electron microscopy studies of eight species of the genus of Onosma such as: O.araraticum Riedl, O.bulbotrichum DC., O.cardiostegium Bornm, O. dichroanthum Boiss., O.elwendicum Wettst., Bgc. O.longilobum, O.microcarpum Steven O.sericeum Willd. ex DC. indicated that structure and shape of pollens are important characters for identification among species. All of the species pollen had opposite pole, oval shape and almost triplate and tricolporate and surface of pollen was granulated.

In order to investigate the allelopathic effects of Papaver chelidoniifolium, Chelidonium majus and Roemeria refracta (Papaveraceae), an experiment was conducted based on complete randomized design with 4 replications in physiology laboratory of Azad University of Gorgan in 2010. After breaking seed dormancy by GA3 (1000ppm-24h) treatments 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% of plants water extracts were applied. Results showed that water extracts in three genus of Papaveraceae in 100% concentration caused reduction in Ph. paradoxa germination, significantly. Water extracts effect on root and shoot length, dry weigh of root and shoot were significant (p<0.05). The most reduction effect on seed germination and growth factors in three genuses, belong to Ch. majus in several concentration.