International Journal of Medical Reviews
Year:2020 | Volume:7 | Issue:3|Papers Count:7

Please click on PDF to view the abstract.

Background: Nurses are vital in the management of patients for diagnostic imaging examinations. Some nurses work in radiology departments and others assist radiographers during mobile and theatre radiography. In recent years, some nurses working in the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland are referring patients for radiological examinations, a role which was traditionally that of medical doctors. This work involves ionising radiation which is harmful to the human body. Therefore, it is essential that nurses understand the measures needed to protect patients, members of the public and themselves from ionising radiation. The aim of this study was to systematically review the awareness of nurses to radiation protection in medicine. Method: This systematic review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature search was conducted in January 2020 in three databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed/MEDLINE and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), as well as hand searching of journals and internet. Data were extracted from all included research studies and analysed thematically. Results: Ten primary research studies were identified, selected and included in this systematic review. Six themes were identified following data synthesis and analysis: sources of ionising radiation, benefits of ionising radiation in medicine, biological effects of ionising radiation to the human body, principles of radiation protection, control measures for external radiation exposure, populations most vulnerable to ionising radiation, and education and training in radiation protection. In general, this review found that nurses are not adequately aware of radiation protection. Conclusion: There is a need to integrate radiation protection into the nursing curriculum and to provide Continuing Professional Development (CPD) to nurses.

Introduction: Dental health is one of the primary requisites of life which the World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes on its continuous improvement during the 21st century. This review aimed at identifying the factors affecting household dental demand in order to establish a comprehensive oral and dental health plan. Method: This study has reviewed the literature on demand determinants of household dental services published in English and Persian languages following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses PRISMA protocol. Critical appraisal of the selected articles have been performed using CASP and PRISMA checklists. Data analysis have been carried out and presented as a narrative synthesis. Results: Among 2016 retrieved articles, 1786 were excluded from this study. From the 230 remained articles, only 16 full-text articles were included and assessed for their contents. The main determinants of dental services demand were classified into three groups; demographic, classic, and complementary. Conclusion: It is necessary to consider the socio-demographic, classical, and complementary factors for estimating household dental demand. Identifying the affecting factors of household dental service demand is helpful in obtaining an accurate empirical estimation through analyzing consumers’ behaviors by calculating demand elasticity. Drawing policymakers’ attention to these factors will lead to provision of dental services according to the households expectations.

Pyroptosis is a cell death mechanism that appears as an inflammatory form of cell death triggered by inflammasomes and disrupts a human protein encoded by the GSDMD gene in chromosome 8 (Gasdermin D) and by cytokine activation. Scientific facts have already indicated that the association between pyroptosis and cancer is extremely complicated, since pyroptosis´ effects on cancer cells can change depending on the affected tissues and genetic differences. For example, pyroptosis can inhibit tumor progress; however, as a pro-inflammatory process, it can create an appropriate microenvironment for tumor growth. Nevertheless, literature in this field has recently addressed important cancer treatment perspectives enabled by this process. The aim of the current study was to address a new nanomedicine aspect associated with pyroptosis.

Cholelithiasis is one of the most prevalent diseases in gastroenterology. There are many factors in cholelithiasis, such as genetic, lack of physical activity, obesity, dietary, age, and other comorbidities. Commonly, cholelithiasis occurs asymptomatically; however, Murphy’ s sign is one of the most frequent pathognomonic findings in abdominal examination. Ultrasonography is known as the gold standard imaging examination in diagnosing cholelithiasis. The management of cholelithiasis can be divided into two categories, such as medical treatment and surgical treatment, which depends on the patient’ s condition.

Radiography involves the use of different imaging modalities for diagnostic and treatment of diseases and injuries. The undergraduate qualification in radiography focuses on general radiography and basic aspects of different diagnostic imaging modalities. At postgraduate level, the concentration is on training radiographers in specialised fields of diagnostic imaging, such as Ultrasonography (US), image interpretation and reporting, Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Nuclear Medicine (NM), mammography, and radiation protection. The aim of this article was to review the readiness of Zambia in establishing postgraduate training in specialised diagnostic imaging by examining its strengths, opportunities, weaknesses, threats and existing postgraduate courses provided abroad. The article recognises that the establishment of postgraduate courses would enable radiographers to specialise and obtain advanced knowledge and skills in areas of healthcare need and their interest. This would prepare them in taking up new, advanced roles and expanding their scope of practice. It is anticipated that this would improve the quality of diagnostic imaging services in Zambia.

between other birds’ eggs and hen eggs has not been investigated in Iran. Because of the common usage of eggs from birds other than hens in Iran, the present study aimed to compare hens’ eggs with the eggs of other birds. Method: In this case-control study, 70 children who had referred to our allergy clinic were evaluated. In patients who had a history of egg allergy, Skins Prick Test (SPT) and specific IgE Ab analyses were done, and then an Oral Food Challenge (OFC) was performed. Patients with egg allergy underwent SPT with eggs from birds such as turkey, goose, duck, quail, partridge, and pigeon. Results: From among the 40 patients with egg allergy, 8 patients passed the OFC. The greatest cross-reactions were seen in turkey white egg and quail yolk egg extracts with 82. 5% and 90% respectively. The least cross-reactions were reported in pigeon yolk egg and pigeon white egg with 30% and 37. 5% respectively and partridge white egg and partridge yolk egg with 47. 5% and 67. 5% respectively. Among patients who had negative SPT with partridge egg (N=3), one patient passed and two failed the OFC. Three of the patients who had negative pigeon SPT (N=5) passed the OFC with pigeon egg. Conclusion: In conclusion, turkey, goose, duck, and quail eggs cannot be used as an alternative to hen eggs. Therefore, only partridge or pigeon eggs can be considered as a suitable alternative to hen eggs.