JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ORDER (ENTEZAM-E-EJTEMAEI)
Year:2012 | Volume:4 | Issue:2|Papers Count:9

The main motive for proceeding with elites’ approach to the social order is due to removing the wonder arising from paradox between two different approaches on social order in Iranian society so that on one side, the attitude of many people and elites of the society is based on solving the problems and disorders arising from disorderliness in the cultural, social, political and economical contexts to believe the application of force and power and on the other side, a lot of elites and people emphasize on the cooperation and collaboration of people for solving the problems and ultimately they don’t deem the collaborative approach to have the required efficiency for solving the problems of Iranian society. Therefore, in this study, the approach of elites to the order in economical, social, political and cultural aspects has been studied as this main question that the elites tend more to which one of the both approaches? The methodology of the extant paper as respect to the objective is applieddevelopmental and the procedure for collecting data is descriptive-survey. The statistical society is consisted of all elites residing in Tehran out of them 234 persons had been selected through purposive sampling in 2011. The data have been collected by researcher-made questionnaire. The findings of this study indicate that the most disciplinary approach of elites is related to political order with the mean value of 3.64 and standard deviation 0.83. As well as,the most integrated approach of elites is related to the social order with the mean value of 1.89 and standard deviation 0.79. The elites’ approach to the economical order with the mean value of 2 and standard deviation 0.82 is placed in the context of solidarity order. But their approach to the cultural order with the mean value of 2.74 and standard deviation 0.81 is placed in the context of eclectic order tending to solidarity order. In other word, grading the elites’ approach to the order in the four aspects of solidarity to disciplinary order is as follows: 1- social order, 2- economical order, 3- cultural order and 4- political order. The summary of this study indicates that the elites’ approach to the social order is an eclectic tending to solidarity order, in simpler word, the elites for establishing a stable and appropriate order, the elites believe in cooperation and collaboration of people, but this belief is not hundred percent. Thus, besides using public collaborations, they believe in application of force and power. As the viewpoint of elites, establishmentof appropriate and stable order is firstly realized by the cooperation and collaboration of people and then by means of force and power.

The conflict is a kind of disorder in the social relations between the individuals and groups which is considered as one of the most important social problems in Kohkiloye&Boyerahmad Province. This problem includes various social consecutives that the most important one is reduction of different security aspects in the said society. The extant paper has been compiled with the objective of typology of collective conflicts in Boyerahmad County. Whereas in this study, analyzing the collective conflict files and performed interrogations of individuals was considered, it is attempted to study the nature and characteristic of collective conflicts occurred in Boyerahmad County with respect to the conflict occurrence fields, number of people participated in collective conflict, location and time of conflict occurrence, the domain of incurred injuries, used combat material, finishing mode and demographic variables related to the individuals participated in collective conflict. The methodology of this research is attributional and using quantitative content analysis technique. The data of this typology has been extracted by reverse questionnaire and considering 52 collective conflict files and text of interrogations of 417 participants in collective conflict available in the Enforcement Division 1 of Public and Revolutionary Prosecutor’s Office of Kohkiloye&Boyerahmad Province. The results of this study indicated that the youths, men, singles, villagers and individuals of low economical class have collaborated in collective conflicts; the people with the educational level lower than diploma and illiterateshave formed 64% of collective conflicts. The most conflicts have been occurred in the villages and in the cities the most conflicts have been occurred in the public passages. In relation to the conflict occurrence fields between groups, proprietary-farming problems have allocated the most rate to themselves, and then verbal humor and disrespects, financial problems, old, chastity and familial disputes. As well as,the most used combat materials have been cold. With respect to the volume of population participated in conflict, the most conflicts were related to conflicts made by 3 to 10 participants, in 42.3% of files, the record of contention existed of which only 40.9% have approached judicial and disciplinary authorities and in 36.36% the elders have mediated. 75% of conflicted parties have had no kinship through marriage or consanguine, but the most unrelated people (69.2%) have had the record of familiarity with each other. Ultimately, in 32.7% of files, the conflict parties have been satisfied with each other and the most issued orders by the judicial authorities is cash penalty to the government’s account.

 The topic of security as an old phenomenon has unbroken bond with the human’s essence of existence. Time passing and development in the life and social identity of human communities has transformed the security. Citizenship security includes any action and measure causing mental and physical peace and improvement of individuals. Any planning and special attention to the social and political control is realized by identifying the citizens’ security issues. Therefore, the objective of this research is studying and identifying the social, cultural, economical and political elements and effectiveness and prioritizing each one of these elements on the citizenship security in Rasht. The extant paper is applied as respect to the objective and descriptive-survey with respect to the methodology and the data was compiled by questionnaire. The statistical society of this study is consisted of all citizens of Rasht out of them 321 citizens were selected via ransom sampling and analyzed. The summary of research indicates that rank mean more than 2.5 of the most variables implies the positive effectiveness on citizenship security in Rasht. As well as, mean value of 3.68 for social-cultural variables and mean value of 3.48% for economical-political variables demonstrates the acceptance of hypotheses and effectiveness of social-cultural issues and political-economical issues on the citizenship security of Rasht. Also, the data indicates that effectiveness of cultural-social issues on the citizenship security of Rasht is more than political-economical issues.

Collective conflict is one of social harm that in case of occurrence will result in material and intellectual damages for the society. The objective of this paper is studying and identifying factors affecting potential tendencies for occurrence of collective conflicts in Khodabandeh County of Zanjan Province. This study is applied with respect to the objective and descriptive-survey as respect to the methodology. The statistical society of this study is consisted of men over 18 years old residing in Khodabandeh County who have been selected via ransom sampling and were analyzed. The results of this study indicate that a significant relationship between variables of proprietary and familial disputes, lack of trust to judicial and disciplinary authorities and cultural-historical factors and tendency to collective conflict in Khodabandeh County that according to the performed expression through regression and path analysis, proprietary and familial disputes, lack of trust to judicial and disciplinary authorities respectively have had the most effect on potential tendency to the collective conflicts.

The immigration as a problem for third countries world has been emerged within the recent century. What causes the immigration to be deemed as a problem is impossibility of attracting the immigrants by the cities, governments’ inability in providing facilities to the mass volume of immigrants to the cities and formation of informal settlement phenomenon. The main objective of this research is studying the quality of informal settlements formation in Sanandaj and presenting strategy for their organization. The methodology of this research is applied and the data has been collected according to descriptive-survey style. The statistical society of present study is consisted of all family guardians in Abbasabad Quarter in Sanandaj. The sampleincludes 400 family guardians residing in this quarter that have been selected by random sampling. The data has been collected by researcher-made questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that regional inequalities between city and village has affected the immigration of villagers to the studied quarter and ethnic, cultural and kinship associates and joint local origins have affected the population dispersal. In addition, the summary implies the residents’ low sense of belonging to their quarter and naturally their low collaboration rate in the affairs related to the quarter.

One of the serious concerns of each government is establishment and continuation of security in all aspects of citizens’ life. Security councils are deemed as the sensitive and crucial towards realization of sustainable security and security is established in country, province, county and districts. The main objective of this study is identifying the role of security councils in the missions of NAJA police. This research as respect to the objective is applied and its methodology is descriptive-survey. The sampling society is consisted of 76 fixed Payvar Dept. employees (including officers and noncommissioned employees) who have intervened in the NAJA missions directly and considering the limitation the procedure is sampling. Questionnaire is used for collecting the data and all of the samples have been selected. The summary of this research indicated that the ratio of agreed(people) to the first hypothesis is significantly more than its disagreed ones. Thus, first hypothesis is accepted. In the second hypothesis, the ratio of agreed is significantly more than its disagreed and second hypothesis was confirmed. Considering the obtained frequencies, according to the sole factor related to third hypothesis may conclude that about 73.1% were agreed to this hypothesis in “very much” and “much” ranges, consequently, this hypothesis was confirmed as well. The result indicates that security councils have direct, effective and exclusive intervention in NAJA missions and interaction of NAJA with the security councils will facilitate the affairs and protect the officers at the time of occurring administrative and judicial problems.

Background and objective: The number and diversity of various tribes with the different cultures in the demographic composition of the countries encounter the government to the challenges. In our country, Iran, ethnic subcultures are situated at the country margins that the geographical situation of tribes complicates the national security equation. These tribes in the most sensitive state strategic zones (margin of borders) are often under probable influence of neighbor countries and tend to them, therefore it may result in threat and vulnerability of national governing and is very important as regard to the national security strategy. This paper analyzes the role of ethnicity in the development of social crises therein four elements have been raised including relationship between ethnic convergence, institutional protection of being intergroup or out-group, sense of ethnic deprivation and social unrests, as well as the question of “if any relationship exists between the ethnicity and social unrests?” is answered.Materials and methods: The research type is applied and its methodology is descriptive-survey. For testing the hypotheses, 989 students residing in border provinces were selected and out of them 165 students have been sampled according to Cochrane formula through stratified sampling procedure and were evaluated by researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability of questionnaire was obtained equal to 0.81 by Alpha coefficient of Cronbach.