INVESTMENT KNOWLEDGE
Year:2018 | Volume:7 | Issue:25 |Papers Count:15

This research was conducted over unconventional Initial Public Offering in Tehran Stock Exchange aiming to study the structural variables such as: 1) industry type 2) company age at the time of supply 3) market value 4) type of offering being from private or public sector 5) market conditions being in hot & cold. In this research, the literature review in the respective filed was first accomplished and after selecting the appropriate descriptive variables, the basic models were chosen to test the hypotheses. Among the descriptive variables used, only the variable entitled "industry type" was deemed ineffective over the output of unconventional Initial Public Offering in various periods (Day one, two, three and first month). Also the company age variable indicated a reverse relationship with the unconventional Initial Public Offering.i.e. when the primary supply market gets slower than of the time of initial boom and the customers tend to consider the structural factors. The higher the age of the company since establishment, considering the clearer operational conditions , the lower the unconventional output. Similarly, the same result applies to the company size. With respect to the type of supply, it was deducted that the public sectors supplies enjoy a lower unconventional output. In other words, the government has not sold their companies to the public that inexpensively via the privatization process.

The topic of behavior of investors in financial literature has a special position, because investors in the Stock Exchange may exhibit different behaviors, which these behaviors are influenced by several factors such as financial information. In this context, the aim of this research is to analyze the role of financial information on the behavior of investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Since investors personality has an important role in behavior of investors, the role of moderator of investors personality characteristics are also examined in this study. The current research method is practical in terms of purpose that it has collected by using questionnaire and necessary survey data procedure. The statistical population of this research are all investors who have invested In the Tehran Stock Exchange in 2016. To collect the data, number of 384 questionnaires were distributed randomly among investors. In order to analyze the data used software smart pls2. The Results show that financial information acquisition have a significant positive important on behavior of investors in Tehran exchange. And among of personality characteristics (openness to experience, extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism and compatibility) the extraversion and compatibility variables have the role of moderator in this relationship. The openness to experience, conscientiousness and neuroticism variables have not significant moderator impact in this relationship.

Among the tools which are used for risk management in most banks of the world is the conversion process of bank claims into securities. This process can fulfill objectives such as increasing liquidity, expanding and diversifying activities, reducing liquidity and credit risks, and improving banks' capital adequacy ratio (CAR). Asset securitization is a process in which financial intermediaries including commercial banks directly sell exchangeable securities to investors; it is one of the main solutions for generating cash flow in the banking sector. This process is a major financial innovation which was invented for the first time in United States of America in 1970s and deeply influenced the role of financial intermediaries in capital market. Since then, due to the increased world demand for money, banks have felt the necessity of applying this technique and, accordingly, have sought to change their strategies. This tool which has been applied in the world for more than 40 years is not at its operational stage in Iran yet. In the present paper, after investigating different securitization processes and their use, the concept, process, and advantages of converting banks' credit facilities into securities for reducing credit risk are stated.

Predict the stock price is an important topic in financial markets. Is commonly use of technical tools in this area and one of them most functional, are moving averages. The use of two moving averages, the most common method to predict trends, which is in need of two periods. The optimal lengths for both short-term and long-term period for each stock, according to a recent trend, they are different. Find the optimal lengths with traditional methods of costly and often do not reach the global optimal answer. The perfect solution are using of smart tools such as genetic algorithms. Genetic algorithm have been used in this study, is Adaptive Improved Genetic Algorithm that much faster finds a global optimal answer. In this study, data's of the selected companies in diverse industries in Tehran Stock Exchange from April 2011 to March 2016 have been evaluated. The results show, when the algorithm reaches the optimal time period, which its parameters are correctly set.

According to what is stated in behavioral finance issues is one of the most important factors affecting the demand for formal financial sector, behavioral characteristics of individuals. The present study aimed to explore the relationships between some individual and behavioral characteristics and demand for financial services, is trying to score as behavioral characteristics, including financial literacy, per capita expenditure, age, risk aversion, interest in financial matters, fatalism, education and the savings on the demand for financial services. The statistical population of the present study is Householders metropolis of Mashhad and surrounding rural areas in the period of 2015-2016. The sample size was 290 people who were selected by using available sampling method.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the research hypotheses. The results showed that the behavioral characteristics of individuals only expenditure per capita, age, interested in financial issues and the savings impact on the demand for financial services. Furthermore, as the interaction effect between age and the rural and urban on willingness to invest in life insurance and investment.

Todays the subject of development in all the countries of the world is the main issue and experts believe that can takes place by promoting human capital development. Knowledge management defines human resources as the most valuable asset of the organization and believes that the development depends on capable and efficient human capital. Organizational development leads to local development and at the end to national development which will be achieved through internalizing development culture in human assets. This research is a descriptive analytical based on documents. The results indicates that the development is multi-dimensional stream which needs fundamental changes in the social structure, attitudes of the people, national institutions, as well as accelerating economic growth, reduce inequalities and eradicate absolute poverty whether in national or organizational level which be expressed in the pattern of development culture in order to be implemented.

Human Development is the last revealed theory in the field of economy of development and according to its founders is subject to spontaneous development in four aspects of political, cultural, economic and societal. Freedom of access to economic facilities played a vital role in economic development and stable policies in economic fields is a canon of above freedom. To this end, State should do its best to provide the best access of citizens to economic facilities. Privatization is a well-known instrument to this end.

The aim of this paper is investigates the impact of surplus free cash flow, corporate governance and firm size on earnings predictability firms in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Free cash flow surplus and earn as independent variables. Also corporate governance mechanisms (independent board of directors, independent chairman, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership) and firm size as moderator variables. The final sample using of 100 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange between2008 to 2014 research done. Linear regression analysis is used for testing the hypotheses. Free cash flow surplus and earn as independent variables. Also corporate governance mechanisms (independent board of directors, independent chairman, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership) and firm size as moderator variables. Result of the test hypotheses indicates that the excess free cash flow and Earnings predictability have effect.and there is also corporate governance mechanisms (independent board of directors, independent chairman, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership) on the relationship between excess free cash flow and Earnings predictability have no effect.

Foreign direct investment is one of the most important economic variables that due to its features can have a positive impact on economic growth. It will be useful Identifying the factors effecting foreign investment in countries that have failed in good use of FDI. In this paper, we investigate the effects of financial markets (money and capital markets) on foreign direct investment in Iran’s Economy during the period 1350 to 1393 ; using the form of an econometric model and a Auto Regressive Distributed Lag method. The results show that firstly long-term balance for foreign direct investment is established. Second, In the short-term development of financial markets has a direct positive impact on foreign investment; This impression is confirmed in long term money markets, but the market will not be approved. Third, the real exchange rate and the development of money and capital market has a positive impact and Conversely, capital stock, tariffrates and the nominal wage index has a negative impact on foreign investors.

Investors' objective of investing in stocks is gaining profit and reasonable return. Using behavioral model of stock image and traditional models (free cash flow of equity, discounted dividends and residual income), this research tries to present a framework for estimating stock values of companies and assess the performance of each of them in stock valuation of companies. In this regard, 95 manufacturing and industrial companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were selected. The study period was from 2009 to 2013. The models performance was compared based on explanatory power and accuracy using panel data technique and prediction errors respectively. The results of research show that the behavioral model of stock image is higher explanatory power and accuracy compared to traditional models in estimating of stock values. The behavioral model can explain the role of behavioral factors in stock pricing and helpful for stockholders in the active portfolio management.

Today, addressing the issue of volatility spillovers in different markets and their relationship with each other, in terms of its use in the prediction of shocks and crises, is an important issue in empirical finance research. Volatility Spillover indicate data transfer process and the flow of capital between markets.This paper investigate the dynamic conditional correlation and Volatility Spillover among returns of crude oil price and stock index by using Baba, engel, kroner and Kraft (BEKK), constant conditional correlation (CCC), dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) and multivariate GARCH model (VARMA-AGARCH) for 144 monthly data up to 2016.The aim of this study is identifing the effect of important external shocks such as oil price to stock index fluctuations in order to used for financial flactuations management, investment decisions and risk management. The results indicate a conditional correlation of volatility in the short term and the spillover effects of the oil price on the stock index.

Today's review of the articles shows that the agency cost has been one of the most important fields of studying in accounting. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of agency costs on predicting profitability in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this research, the benchmark for agency cost includes earninig management, capital structure, corporate governance mechanism and asset turnover ratio. Regression analysis is used to examine hypotheses of the study. The data set includes 105 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of2010 to 2016. The results of the hypothesis of this research show that among the criteria for measuring the agency cost, there is a positive and meaningful relationship between institutional ownership and asset turnover ratio with predicting profitability. These findings also showed that there is no significant relationship between capital structure and predicting profitability. Additionally, the relationship between earnings management and predicting profitability is meaningfulandnegative. The main reason for this negative relationship can be the moral hazard resulting from the information asymmetry of earnings management.

Risk management is an integrated procedure which helps banks to measure and control their risks. Due to the recent banking crises and nature of banking activities, central banks have made it compulsory for banks to have independent risk committees. Also, financial instability is another factor which can lead banks to distress and bankruptcy. This study investigates the simultaneous relationship between credit risk and liquidity risk and their impacts on financial stability of Iranian banks over the period of 2005-2014 using panel data approach. Results of the simultaneous equation modeling show that in general, liquidity risk and credit risk have significant positive relationship with each other. In other words, every one unit increase in liquidity risk will cause the credit risk to increase by 0.38 unit and every one unit increase in credit risk leads to 0.51 unit increase in liquidity risk. Moreover, we employ the quantile regression to examine the effect of these two types of risk on the different quantiles of financial stability of commercial banks in Iran. Results show that credit risk and liquidity risk negatively affect the financial stability and increase probability of bankruptcy of the Iranian banks. Moreover, we demonstrate that the magnitude of the negative impact is much higher for the banks in the lower quantiles that have lower financial stability comparing with the banks in upper quantiles having higher financial stability.