Journal of Rescue and Relief
Year:2017 | Volume:8 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:9

Background: This research aims to study and review the concept of first aid training in first and second grade in textbooks of secondary school. Given the high number of casualties and disabilities in disasters in the country, students need to be familiar and train the first aid and so it should be included in textbooks.Method: In this study, content analysis (a checklist with 21 components) was used. Validity confirmed by some professors and experts and the reliability was 80%. About 200 textbooks were studied and 33 volumes were selected. For data analysis, frequency measurement technique and Shannon entropy theory were used.Findings: The results were as follows: there were only two pages in the first grade books and in defense readiness book of the grade ninth; it is referred to the first aid training in general-required textbooks in 12 pages. In addition, the safety & first aids in the professional technical books in secondary school is the only book that deals with first aid training.Conclusion: Due to the weakness of the textbooks, it is necessary to highlight the issues of first aid, to assign an independent book to this issue, to offer spiral organization for more continuity, to design first aid curriculum also to assist and support of the experts of Red Crescent society in teaching the mentioned topics.

Background: Iran is one of the disaster prone countries due to its geographical location and climate changes. Any relief to affected people will be difficult because earthquake occurs without previous alarms. The prediction of areas with the most damage will help to better management of the earthquake; therefore, this study conducted to assess casualties caused by earthquake based on the triage levels in Qom city.Method: The required data to determine the number and severity of injuries including the incident time and its related parameters and data related to structural studies and their damage level and population for each of structures extracted from GIS maps of Qom city, entered into Selena software, and analyzed Findings: According to the data analysis, in the event of an earthquake in Qom city, most of the damages occur in the district sixth in all four levels and the lowest casualties and damages in the district eight. In addition, the greatest number of injuries is at level three and at 2 a.m.Findings: One of the effective ways to reduce the damage caused by earthquakes is to predict the number of possible injuries and to provide facilities and equipment due to the region with the most conflict in terms of the number of affected people.

Background: Today, increasing resilience as a new approach to managing disaster and rural hazards and reducing their vulnerability is a prime consideration for development planners. In the meantime, among different dimensions of rural structure, physical dimension, due to the establishment and stimulation of the optimal performance of other aspects of rural structure, is more important. The assessment of the situation and its resilience against natural and human disaster and hazards is undeniable.Method: This applied research was carried out to measure the level of physical resilience of rural areas in the central part of Marivan city. In this descriptive-analytic study, data were collected from library resources in the theoretical part. In the field, a distribution questionnaire has been used among 50 dehyaran by using random sampling.Findings: Data analysis with using indicators such as single-sample t-test, Friedman rank, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe’s test showed that the level of physical resilience of the studied villages was not at the level satisfaction in the eight examined indicators. Among the indicators of physical resilience, the building design index is the most desirable and the index of the status of public places and services is the most unfavorable situation Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that in the indexes studied, the level of physical resilience of villages is not at the appropriate level and the physical resonance of the villages can be explained by the population size and their natural position.

Introduction: The foundation of crisis management and natural disasters is based on pre-occurrence awareness. The necessary measures to reduce the risk of climatic hazards have always been considered. Every year occurred various hazards in Iran. Climatic hazards are associated with specific geographic risks in each region of the country. In the South-Eastern region of Iran, due to the geographical location and natural landscape of the region, more exposed temperatures hazards. The purpose of this study was to investigate and determine the points of the thermal hazard based on spatial analysis in the geographical information system environment.Methods: This study is a descriptive-statistical study using applied research. In this regard, the long-term database of the minimum and maximum temperatures of the meteorological stations (2000-2014) is used to measure the thermal hazards including: thermal waves (severe, moderate, weak, sum), wind chill (severe, moderate, weak, total), frost (radiant , Weight, total). In the following, the relationship between temperature and geographic conditions based on Pearson correlation model was investigated in SPSS software. Then using the GIS capabilities, areas with the same hazards were identified in different zones.Results: The results showed that the highest incidence of severe thermal waves occurred in northern Sistan and Baluchestan province with Zabol and Zahak center. The highest incidence of wind chill was observed in the central part of the northwest province with a focus on Zahedan and Khash stations. The highest density of exposure to glacial frosts in the eastern part of the province was in accordance with the Zahedan, Khash and Saravan axes. The eastern and central parts of the Sistan and Baluchistan region experience more events than frost. From the north to the south, the frequency and severity of frost is reduced.Findings: Occurrence of temperature hazards is a hallmark of arid areas. The thermal hazards, especially the heat waves and burns, are subject to the components of the location and show variable behavior with latitude and altitude variations. So far, Zahak and Zabol have the highest heat waves with lower altitude and the most frequent wind chills in Zahidan and Zahidan. Areas close to the coastal strip, such as Nik-Shahr and Chabahar, have the lowest temperature risks. It is important to identify and determine the spatial patterns of temperature hazards to make efficient decisions and implement preventive plans before the occurrence of a crisis.

Background: In order to be prepared to face uncertainties affecting in the field of accidents and incidents in the country, applied scientific centers and institutions of the Red Crescent should be determined a model for their development. the purpose of this paper is to present their development model.Methods: The present study is an applied descriptive study. In the qualitative research part, interview was conducted with 24 applied scientific elites and foresight and development of higher education. The sampling was targeting. Enter views were implemented and coded, and during two-step Delphi, primary codes of interviews were mainly delivered. After confirming elites, the initial development model was achieved. In the quantitative part of the research, A questionnaire with 84 items was provided. Cronbach's alpha of all components was above 0.7. Statistical population of quantitative part of research included the heads of centers, the managers and faculty members, instructors of institute and scientific applied centers of population in the country (2071 people).325 people were selected based on Morgan table and stratified sampling. Data analysis was performed with a confirmatory factor analysis approach using LISREL.Finding: standard factor load to measure the power of the relationship between factors; applied education and research, employment and entrepreneurship, planning with foresight approach, Spatial Planning, finance, and budget, as well as the appropriateness of infrastructures with items in all cases was larger than 0.3, and statistics at a confidence level of 5% was more than 1.96.Conclusion: the model was confirmed.

Background: The most important programs in crisis management are timely and effective relief and rescue operations. Therefore, this study aims to find a solution for the best and fastest route of the air relief team in the crisis management framework.Method: In this study, geographic information system (GIS) was applied to locate the suitable areas for helicopter landing in the framework of the crisis management. In the first step, the map of the hazardous areas was used so that the nearest landing points are located in these high-risk areas. In this model, different environmental parameters have been applied such as land use, slope, surrounding area.Findings: The results show there is a well spatial distribution of the landing zones in Lorestan province; however the major limitation of the landing zones recognize in the southeast areas of Lorestan. According to the risk assessment outcomes, the southeast of Lorestan is more prone to the environmental disaster and high risk; thus, specific areas for emergency relief should explored and prepared through field operations. At the end, the areas covered by the satellite image were adapted in order to verify the results of the model. Finally, it is suggested that a field survey should be done in order to verify the efficiency of the method and to obtain results that are more applicable.Conclusion: The results show that due to the effect of three main factors including slope, climate and active faults, the southern and eastern parts of Lorestan province has the highest potential for environmental crisis. Due to uneven terrain, this area has the most unfavorable conditions for the helicopter landing and requires building special landing zones based on the geographical location and the distance from the relief bases.

Background: Given that severe and powerful earthquakes always cause many people to become homeless; therefore, the basic need for earthquake affected people is to find a shelter. However, this research is done in order to provide a model for allocating existing emergency settlements in Chizar neighborhood for earthquake affected ones considering the role of effective buildings.Method: In this applied research, the selected case study is Chizar neighborhood which located in division eight in district one of Tehran Metropolis. In order to evaluate vulnerability and estimate of losses, casualties, injured and the probable homeless methods of JICA, Coburn & Spence and Mansouri and the fragility curves of Ghaemmaghamian were utilized, also sphere standards are used to estimate the housing capacity and to provide the basic needs of potential the people without shelters.Findings: According to results of structural vulnerability, 32% of the buildings had low vulnerability, 6% of the buildings with medium vulnerability and 33% of the buildings had relatively high vulnerability and the rest of the buildings (29%) were highly vulnerable. The most suitable spaces for appropriate access and avoidance of dangerous buildings were selected after identifying open spaces. In addition, the capacity of each is estimated with regard to the unprotected people and the distance between the settlements from the place of residence, the immigrant people were assigned then food and basic needs were estimated.Conclusion: The results show that the majority of homeless are from the southern part of Chizar neighborhood that comprised of masonry and worn-out texture buildings. It is essential to create or amend appropriate access routes between residential areas and open spaces due to the considerable distance between the vulnerable buildings and the open spaces. In addition, some of these open spaces belong to the private sector and negotiations must be made with their owners before earthquake occurrence in order to reach an agreement and use in emergencies.

Background: Professional development is one of the concerns of today's managers in the education and development of employees. Investigating the awareness of the quality of education, the results and the efficiency of the training of managers is essential for the educational process, and this completes the educational annuals. Accordingly, the evaluation of the quality of education is a prerequisite for a successful educational system. Method: The present research is a descriptive study of the purpose of a research study. The statistical population of all deputies and directors of the nine branches of the provinces of the country (460 people) is in 2016. The sample size was selected using Krejcie and Morgan table (210). They were selected by stratified random sampling. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire based on the Kirkpatrick model. Its factual and content validity was confirmed using the views of the university, experts and trainers. The reliability coefficient was obtained using Cronbach's alpha for the tool of 0. 96 and the second tool was 0. 90. In analyzing quantitative data, descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics of single sample t, Friedman test were used to rank educational issues and t-dependent or paired ones. Findings: The results of the analysis showed that the quality of holding the basic crisis management training courses at the reaction level was 4. 14 and the learning level was 4. 8 at the desired level. The results of one-sample t-test to determine the significance of the effectiveness of education in the level of reaction and learning showed t calculated at the level of α =0. 05. Prioritizing education topics at the level of reaction and learning showed that the highest rank in the subject of instruction was the introduction to disaster management and command and the lowest score related to the topic of accident recognition, with an emphasis on common accidents in Iran. The t-dependent or paired t-test showed that the mean pre-test score was 6. 98 and the mean post-test score was 7. 76. The t table value with a degree of freedom of 209 was significant at the level of p<0. 05. According to the participants, the quality of the courses and the whole period is evaluated at the optimal level. Conclusion: The results showed that the basic course of crisis management training was effective in two levels of reaction and learning based on Kirkpatrick's model. There was a significant difference between the mean of pre-test and post-test of samples at the level of P <0. 05. According to the participants, the quality of the courses and the whole period is evaluated at the optimal level.