JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
Year:2015 | Volume:8 | Issue:3 (30)|Papers Count:8

Inroduction & Objective: Physiological aspects of marine gastropod Peronia peronii as a true slug, guide us to study on its antifreeze peptides.Materials and Methods: Sampling was carried out during spring of 1391 in southern coast of the Qeshm Island. As we need a minimum natural changes for peptides extraction, samples moved to the lab alive. All body homogenized in liquid nitrogen after pull out the viscera. The extract passes through 10KD falcon filters then used for further purifications with RP-HPLC.Results: The results shown one of the HPLC fraction has antifreeze properties; freezing point is -41.2°c (average), melting point is -23.5°c (average) and 84.4 °c belong to boiling point. BSA with same concentration used as a control.Conclusion: The most probably aspect for existing these kinds of peptides may refer to adaptation of these gastropods for cold season.

Inroduction & Objective: Botox is the pure and ready form of Clostridium botulinum that now a days it is used for beautification usages and it has medical treatment for migraine headaches, seat diseases, chronic pelvic pain, urinary problems, excessively sweating. But it has been used unconsciously and in unsuitable time among majority of people specially among women, it has been decided to study teratogenic effects of BOTOX drug for a single dose of it on 3, 4, 5 & 6 pregnancy days and it’s results on 15th day on BALB/c mice embryos and because there isn`t any internal studies and all foreigner studies are few in number.Materials and Methods: After preparing the drug, its fatal dose with LD50 was determined in vivo conditions (12.22 mg/kg.bw) by regarding to the threshold dose, (3.55 mg/kg.bw) the experiments continued. In 3, 4, 5 & 6th gestation, injection was done as interaperitoneal on BALB/c mice. Simultaneously with experimental groups, 2 control and injected distilled water groups were regarded to compare the achievements. The experiments were repeated 3 times to get confidence about achievements and the data were studied by SPSS statistics software by ANOVA method.Results: Studying of results indicate that more embryos have abnormalities such as: hypodermic bleeding, hemorrhage in placenta, exoencephaly, exohepatic lesion, absence of limb, the limb malformation, polyps in hands, syndactyl on 3, 4, 5 & 6 pregnancy days.Conclusion: Results indicates not to use Botox in pregnancy period because of it’s indemnifiable effects such as making different abnormalities.

Inroduction & Objective: In this study the effect of different levels of salinity in the amount of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), the number of red blood cells (RBC) and white (WBC), RBC indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) count and differential white blood ceel fish Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) weight 34.36 ± 0.411 was investigated.Materials and Methods: Young fish initially for 14 days and has gradually been adapted to salt water. The relevant experiments for 30 days under different levels of salinity 0, 15, 35 and 50 ppt continued. The experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications with four treatments, salt and Hrtymar fiberglass fish tanks were distributed between 12 and repeat with 15 pieces of fish. At the end of the experiment the fish tail vein blood sampling was performed.Results: The results of this study showed that the decrease in salinity between any of the treatments together with the control group in terms of blood factors studied, there was no significant difference (P> 0.05). The research findings show that the process of gradual change in salinity of sea water with salinity of 50 ppt of fresh water with salinity of 0, as Euryhaline Fish Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) it is not known.Conclusion: These fish have the ability to adapt to different levels of salinity that it is able to cope with environmental stress.

Inroduction & Objective: Following nerve compression accumulation free radicals caused cell death. Nigella sativa belong to Ranunculaceae family has various pharmacological effects such as, anti oxidant, anti inflammatory, anti tumor and anti apoptosis effects. This study was investigiated the neuroprotective Comparison affects Nigella sativa seed aquatic and alcolic extracts on sciatic degeneration in rats.Material and Methods: 36 wistar male rats with average body weight of 300 to 350 gr were divided randomly to six groups (N=6), control, compression, A, B: compression + treatment with 75, 50 mg/kg extract, C, D: compression + treatment with 75, 50 mg/kg aquatic. In compression group, the sciatic nerve of right leg was compressed (60sec), in treated groups. In addition to compression extract was injected (2time, every week, I.P). Four weeks of post – operations in which lumbar segments of spinal cord L2-L4 were sampled, processed, serially sectioned and stained with toluidine blue. The number of alpha moto neurons was counted using dissector method. Data were analyzed with using Minitab-14 software, ANOVA an d T- tests.Results: According to result, the neuronal density show a significant decrease in the group compression compared with control and treatments group (P<0.001).Conclusion: Treatment with alcoholic extract in compare with aqueous extract has more noropotective effect and cause increases the density of alpha moto neurons in spinal cord after sciatic nerve compression in Rats.

Inroduction & Objective: This study was done with the purpose of recognizing rs2738864 polymorphism in DISC1 gene in schizophrenic patients and comparing it with healthy individuals.Material and Methods: This survey which was performed on 300 schizophrenic patients and 300 healthy individuals was the first one of its type in Iran in which the patients were chosen through DSM-IV method and questioners were used to collect information. Nested allele specific PCR technic was applied in order to analyze this polymorphism and more than 50 samples were sequenced then the results were aligned with the gene sequences existing in the gene bank so as to confirm the correctness of the study. The final result was afterward statistically analyzed through SNP Analyzer and SPSS ver.22 software.Results: Finally analyzing the rs2738864 SNP in the Iranian population demonstrated that there is a tight relationship between this polymorphism and the disease; the following results were also obtained: Allele Frequency=0.629 C /0.371 T, p = 0.0000, Chi-square=46.385.Conclusion: Finally analyzing the rs2738864 SNP in the Iranian population demonstrated that there is a tight relationship between this polymorphism and the disease; the following results were also obtained: Allele Frequency=0.629 C /0.371 T, p = 0.0000, Chi-square=46.385.

Inroduction & Objective: According to need to preserve the native breed snakes, in order to use humanitarian and environmental terms, In 2008, the environmental protection in vulnerable categories of the Red List Department of Environment (IUCN) (14),and serpents Zanjani is required for the survival of the species reproductive parameters noted.Material and Methods: For this purpose to study the reproductive parameters of Zanjani viper(Iran), microscopic and macroscopic level: Check the male reproductive tract, sperm vas channel concentration, motility and morphology, weight, testicular volume, the evaluation of spermatogenic cells in the tubules and measuring weight and body length, tail length is studied. Viper Zanjani ring of 11 males in the winter of 2011 Bostanabad area in East Azerbaijan, which is mountainous and cold climate, samples were taken.Results: The results showed that the mean maximum body weight of 248.33 ± 32.81 g, body length 76.41 ± 4.12 cm in February, tail length 4.87 ± 0.62 inches in February and maximum size of the right testis 666.13 ± 110.58 cubic millimeter of the Month for February and left 667.52 ± 189.08 cubic millimeter was seen in March. The highest average length of the left and right channels, respectively, 19.5 and 16.66 ± 2.54 cm was corresponding to the months of January and February. Maximum average sperm concentration in February 15´104/ml, morphology January %88.61±12.18 normal sperm motility and the highest 33.79 ± 22.91 of March the motility of the proximal to the distal face was increased.Conclusion: According to the findings viper Zanjani male reproductive tract morphology, including three in the proximal, median and distal to the That looks like a pit viper, Crotalus durissus terrificus species of the temperate zone of south-eastern Brazil is and the rate of sperm production in the months of February and March may be due to the mating stage (autumn) is.

Inroduction & Objective: Natural products have fewer side effects than synthetic drugs and their preparation is much easier. Brittle sea stars contain ingredients such as saponins, naphtoquinone. This materials are active in inflammatory conditions. In this study the effects of methanol extract of Brittle Stars was evaluated.Material and Methods: The anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Brittle star was assessment by denaturation of albumin, erythrocyte membrane stabilization and inhibition of proteinase activity assays. As standard anti-inflammatory drug aspirin was used. Brittle stars extract in concentrations 100, 200, 300, 400 mg / ml was prepared. Data was obtained analyzed using SPSS statistical T test at in significant level of the P<0.05.Results: The results exhibited that total methanol extract of Persian Gulf Brittle star has anti-inflammatory effects so that suppressed denaturation of albumin at a concentration of 300ug/ml. also it caused cell membrane stability of red blood cells and avoided the proteinase activity at a concentration of 400ug/ml and concentration of 400 ug/ml, respectively.Conclusion: The results showed that the brittle stars have anti-inflammatory effects, thus this marine natural product can consider as a suitable candidate for more study in common inflammatory diseases.

Inroduction & Objective: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men after skin cancer. Guava Fruit with scientific name Psidium guajava L. are considered as an important source of phenolic compounds and antioxidant effect. In this study, the cytotoxic effect of aqueous and hydro alcoholic extracts of Guava fruit and effect of the extracts on DU-145 cell line was and its effect on prostate cancer cells was studied.Materials and Methods: Guava fruit was collected from Sistan and Baluchestan region. The aqueous and hydro alcoholic extracts were prepared from this plant. Class of DU-145 cells was cultured in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% bovine serum in a 5% CO2 incubator, and under different concentrations of aqueous extract of 24, 48 and 72 hours were incubated. MTT assay for cell survival in the presence and absence of extract was used to calculate the percentage and absorbance at 540 nm was measured by ELISA. Data were assessed using SPSS software (* = P-value < 0.05, N=12).Results: The results showed that the aqueous and alcoholic extract Guava fruit is a cytotoxic effect. Further studies showed that the cytotoxic effect of aqueous extracts of the ethanol extract is much stronger.