JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
Year:2017 | Volume:10 | Issue:1 (36) |Papers Count:9

Inroduction & Objective: Paclitaxel (PTX) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents for a wide spectrum of cancers، but its therapeutic benefit is often limited by its poor solubility in aqueous solutions and Cremophor El severe side effects. However، the aim of this study is to develop highly watersoluble paclitaxel. For this purpose we prepared a new paclitaxel– poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugates that were characterized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity. Materials and Methods: The cell lines used were HeLa and L₉ ₂ ₉ . Both cell lines were maintained in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% fetal bowin serum and 1% antibiotics. Various dilutions of PTXPEG conjugate by physical method were prepared and in vitro cytotoxicity and drug uptake were determined by MTT assay on HeLa and L₉ ₂ ₉ cells. Data were expressed as the means of three separate experiments، and were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's multiple comparison test of SPSS software. Results: Quite homogeneous solution was obtained and paclitaxel was completely dissolved. Using MTT assay was determined that a lower dose of paclitaxel nanoparticle have a greater efficacy on cancer cells compared with PTX/ Cremophor EL. (* = P-value<0. 05) Conclusion: The new conjugate formulation exhibited a high efficiency of antitumor activity and low toxicity and can be used as a drug delivery vehicle for cancer therapy.

Inroduction & Objective: Pimozide is an antipsychotic with neuroleptic properties that has been found to be useful in the management of chronic schizophrenic patients، mania and hypomania. This drug blocks dopamine receptors. In this research the effect of pimozide were studied on pituitary gonad axis function، the concentration of testosterone، FSH and LH level and testis histological changes. Materials and Methods: The present study was done on 50 male rats wistar strain that divided to 5 groups of 10 animal، including: Control، sham (received normal saline as a solvent) and three pimozide (1، 2، 4 mg/ kg) received the experimental groups. The drug were administered for 30 days orally and blood samples were taken from the rats and serum concentrations of testosterone، FSH and LH were measured by RIA method. Histological changes were studied among experimental، control and sham groups. The results were evaluated by using SPSS software and ANOVA tests. Results: The results showed that 4 mg/ kg dose of pimozide reduced testosterone. The level of FSH and LH were increased (P < 0/05). Histological investigations of the testes showed a decline on spermatogenesis chain on 4mg/kg pimozide dose. Conclusion: So in general we can say that high doses of pimozide decreases the concentration of testosterone level and the number of spermatogenic cells exception sertoli.

Inroduction & Objective: Ischemic brain damage has disabled a large number of patients، in some cases with death and in other cases with different forms of permanent disabilities. Ischemic edema is one of the most important stroke complications. The purpose of this study is assessing the effects of heracleum persicum extract on the blood-brain barriers permeability and evaluating the caused reductions in brain edemas. Methods and material: In this experimental study، 7 male Wistar rat were under investigation. First and second groups (control mice and sham mice) were distilling water، while the other three groups were consuming heracleum persicum extract with doses of 30، 50، 100 mg/kg for per kilogram of their body weight، and this feeding procedure was orally by using gavage for 30 days. Two hours after taking the last dose; each major group had been divided to (Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion) MCAO subgroups، in order to measure the permeability of the blood-brain permeability and also measuring the level of cerebral edema. Results: Pretreatment with heracleum persicum extracts reduced brain edema in groups which had received 50 and 100 mg/kg of the extract for per kilogram of their body weight. Rats pretreatment with heracleum persicum extract also reduced the permeability of blood-brain barriers after MCAO. Conclusion: This study suggests that heracleum persicum extract may reduce brain edema and also may reduce the permeability of the blood-brain barriers in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in model rats and would cause neurological protection; but more work is needed to extend these observations.

Inroduction & Objective: Considering the importance of stellate sturgeon fish as endangered species، the artificial breeding plays an important role in the restoration of natural resources of this fish in the Caspian Sea. One of the essential activities in the incubation period is disinfection of eggs، which if done correctly can increase survival and larvae production. Therefore، finding the best approach for disinfection of stellate sturgeon eggs is so necessary. Material and Methods: Eggs were artificially fertilized and subjected to a bath dip treatment in given concentrations of the above chemicals before being incubating. Prior to treatment، the eggs were splited into three disinfected groups (100 mg L-1 iodophor، 15 min; 20 mg L-1 potassium permanganate، 30 min exposure and 100 mg L-1 methylene blue; 2 hours and) and non-disinfected group (control). Then، the eggs were transferred to Yushchenko incubators for incubation. During the incubation period، fungal and dead eggs were separate and counted physically every day. After hatching، the numbers of larvae per box were counted separately. Results: Eggs that disinfected with iodine solution and methylene blue were less likely to fungal infection and their conversion to larvae was higher than eggs that disinfected with potassium permanganate and the control group. Conclusion: The study showed that using iodine solution to disinfect stellate sturgeon is more effective and easier than some other disinfectants.

Inroduction & Objective: Infertility is a serious problem. About 10% of males are estimated facing the problem of fertility. Rapid growth and development of sciences within the pharmaceutical span and focus and rely on production of herbal medicines and the production of plant-based infertility drugs is growing. Today، a lot of research regarding infertility and the effects of herbs on it and finding the best method for plant extraction takes place. Plant is the main source in discovery of novel medicine. Nearly 40% of modern medicines are originated from plants. Tribulusterrestris is also an important herb that used for infertility. Water extract of T. terrestris contains steroidal saponins and protodioscin that increased sexualhormones and testosterone. Water extract of T. terrestris increased sexual desire and weight of prostate. Material and Methods: In the present study، 80% hexane and ethanol extracts of Tribulusterrestris prepared and force feed to two groups of mice. Each group was consist of 4subgroups with 8 mice and extract with doses of 5، 10 and 20 mg per body weight was applied on them. After 45 days of treatment the mice were anesthetized and killed. Results: The present study showed that in comparison between ethanol and hexane extract of fruit of T. terrestis، in dosages 5، 10، 20 mg per weight of body، hexane extract، increased sperm count، but didn’ t show any significant effecton control group. Instead، ethanol extract of fruit of T. terrestis not only increased sexualhormones as LH and testosterone but also increased spermatogenesis in lumen of seminiferous and changed histological of testis. This extract didn’ t changethe weight of testis and epididymis. Conclusion: According to the results، ethanol extraction of aloe vera as an antioxidant compound is able to reduce the levels of cardiovascular damage in mice treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

Inroduction & Objective: The most common pain complaint of patients is one of the oldest forms of human problems. According to the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants، the effects of silymarin، an active ingredient of the Milk thistle، in an experimental model of inflammatory pain induced by formalin and examined its relationship with the histaminergic system. Material and Methods: In this study، 42 male Wistar rats were used. Animals were divided into 7 groups in each group 6 rats as follows: Group 1(Control): Normal Saline (i. p)+Formalin 1% (intraplantar)، Group 2، 3، 4 and 5 Silymarin (50، 100، 200 and 400mg/kg، ip) respectively + Formalin 1%، Group 6: Ranitidine (20mg/kg، i. p) + Formalin 1%، Group 7: Ranitidine (20mg/kg، i. p) + Silymarin (200mg/kg، i. p) + Formalin 1%. Results: The results showed that intraplantar injection of formalin 1% significantly (P<0. 05) produced a bi-phasic pain response. Silymarin injection significantly(P<0. 05) decreased formalin pain responses in both phases. On the other hand، pretreatment with ranitidine (20mg/kg) before silymarin (200mg/kg) induced a significant reduction (P<0. 05)in both the first and second phases ofpain responses. Conclusion: The results revealed that silymarin produced antinociception effect in formalin induced pain and this effect probably will be down by interfering with the H2 histamine receptors.

Inroduction & Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin C and Folic Acid on hematological and immunological parameters in juvenile Barbel sturgeon Acipenser nudiventris. Material and Method: Six practical diets were formulated as follow; control: without supplementation، T1; 200 mg ascorbic acid (AA)، T2: 3. 5 mg Folic Acid (FA)، T3: 200 mg AA + 1. 5 mg FA، T4: 200 mg AA + 3. 5 mg FA and T5: 200 mg AA + 5. 5 FA equivalent kg-1 diet. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of juvenile Barbel sturgeon with initial body weight of 32 g in 785-L cylindrical fiberglass tank. Results: White blood cell (WBC)، red blood cell (RBC)، haematocrit (Ht)، haemoglobin (Hb)، lymphocyte and MCV were significant. But total immunoglobulin (Ig) and IgM concentrations had significant differences between treatments. The activity of serum lysozyme was significantly influenced by the dietary AA and FA، fish fed the basal diet had lower lysozyme. Conclusions: These results indicated that dietary vitamin C and folic acid (200 mg AA + 3. 5 mg AF) did significantly influence on hematological and immunological parameters in juvenile Barbel sturgeon.

Inroduction & Objective: Pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) is a glycoprotein that mainly is produced by the syncytiotrophoblast of human placenta throughout pregnancy and secreted in increasing amounts into the maternal serum as pregnancy progresses. Since PAPP-A level in maternal serum is measurable after 28th day of pregnancy and in the first trimester of pregnancies affected by fetal Down`s syndrome، maternal serum concentrations of PAPP-A were found to be significantly lower than the level observed in normal pregnancies، it`s level can be considered as a test for detection of early pregnancy and is a good marker for healthy of fetus. Material and Methods: So accordingly، future studies of immunological method suitable for measuring the concentration of the protein in the serum of pregnant women in trimester designed. After collection of late pregnancy sera، purification of PAPP-A was done by three step of chromatography procedure as: Gel filtration by column of Sephadex G200، Affinity chromatography by column of heparinSepharose، Negative affinity chromatography by CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B coupled to anti-total human serum proteins. Results: Then، immunoglobulin against purified PAPP-A was produced by immunization of rabbit with purified PAPP-A and purification of it was done by two step procedure of affinity chromatography. After the third stage of purification of PAPP-A was obtained.

Inroduction & Objective: Deaths from cancer are rising in many countries. Oxali palladium and palladium nano oxali are anti-cancer drugs، the consumption of beneficial effects on the health of the consumer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of anti-cancer، anti-mutation and oxali Paldyvm and palladium nano is oxali materials and ways. Material and Method: In this study، oxali palladium and palladium nanoparticles synthesized oxali anti-ejection and anti-cancer effects were used to. Anti-mutagenicity test was performed according to the Ames test. After comparing test results between samples tested positive control (sodium azide) and negative control (distilled water) was determined. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16. Results: Anti-mutation effect was observed in both the tested materials. Oxali contain mutations in 83% of palladium and palladium nano oxali was 77. The percentage of inhibition of mutant rat liver microsomes in between the tested materials in emergency situations to the absence of microsomes were not significantly different (P <0. 05). Conclusions: Both of oxali palladium and palladium nano oxali anti-ejection and anti-cancer effects were high.