Comparative Theology
Year:2010 | Volume:1 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

The Holy Spirit is one of the angels which has an material entity but can be assimilated in the form of human individual and gives the message of God to the prophets. Some of his attributed functions like his ontological status or his epistemological and psychological role in the life of humanity are commonly accepted by the Muslim and Christian theologians. But some of his ascribed properties like being the third member of the Godhead or his role in the Baptism have been rejected by Muslim theologians. This Study tries to illustrate the issue in the light of Islamic and Christian texts and then to answer some controversial disputed questions about the Holy Spirit.

One of the common matters in Abrahamic religions, that is a person who is savior at end of the world, upon which are the witness being dismantled injustice in the word.By studies the sources of religious faith of Christianity and Islam share and receive to a common symptom for emersion happen. one of them is emerged in muslim and anti Christ Dajjal in christiantity. Although, both, background and future history about those religions are different, but it can be found some common points in this field. one of Importants of them is conforntantion with the establishment of corrective justice-oreinted government, this study investigates of the concept of religion in both performance in the Islamic sources.Based on the code discussed in the Christiant and Islamic sources this study explores this concept in the Islamic and Christian theogoly.

Relation between Faith and History is one of the main issues in modern Christian Theology. The start point of this issue refers to Historical Critique of the Bible. What motivated towards addressing to the History and its relation with faith, is relation between Divine being (as a reality) and the world which has made by Historical events and phenomena. Under impact of German Idealism and Hegel’s Philosophical thought regarding History and Historical critique, Panenberg, puts Christian Theology in the context of the modern historical affairs and studied it with a critical approaches. By providing a hermeneutical interpretation of Divine visions, or, providing a revelation in line of modern historical thoughts, he tries, to turns from Theology of Salvation to Historical Theology.

The discussion of the human authority and his abuse of the authority are one of the main teachings of Testamaents and so Christian thinker. Of these, Irenaeus and Tertullian–of first church fathers-both regard the human authority as a necessity in the human creation for his achievement of the perfection. But the human doesn’t use his authority correctly and cause his sin. Although Irenaeus attends to the inhibitor concept of sin, sometimes believes in its positive function and regards it as a means of the human experience and the distinction of good and evil. But unlike Irenaeus, Tertullian haven’t believed in this metamorphic concept of sin, and believes that the sin leads to death and the fall of human, like Adam and Even Fall rejected from heaven. unlike Tertullian, Irenaeus regards Adam and Even sin due to their disability in beginning of the creation and interprets their Fall as driving of their arrival to world for being likeness of God, and no obstacle of the perfection path. However, in Irenaeus and Tertullian soteriology, the human authority isn’t enough, but the presence of Father, Son and Spirit is necessary in the salvation and perfection process.

One of the features of the Holy Quran and muslims basic and fundamental believes, is the integrity of God’s speech which like Quran most important features as it’s eternality, always have been in the intention of interpreters and Quran surveyors from the past to now.Imam Fakhr Razi (544-605) the owner of the interpretation of the "Mafatih Algeyb" and Alusi (1217-1270) the author of interpretation book of the "Rohol Maani Fi Tafsir Alazim Va alsab Almasani" are the disclosed interpreters which the topic of Quran comprehensivity have been in their attention. In the interpretation of Quran integrity, there is less approach and this scope did know in the field of basis and minutiae of religion, while in his assumption the problem of entirety of Holy Quran has difference with integrity and in some positions of his own interpretation as discussed in many fields of science, he wrote about the entirety of Quran. Whereas Alunsi in his interpretation was affected by the Imam Fakhr Razi and He criticized and he said his own ideas and viewpoints but in the determination of territory of entirety of Quran has been benefited from view point of totality and besides accepting minority of Fakhr Razi theory, He proposed a majority-based scope at the field of population and he extended it’s detail to the other field of science. Regard into, today adaptive comparation among the thoughts of muslim thinkers in the field of Quranic surveys, is needed and the way of this adaptations, the origin of a thought either affectability of one interpreter from another one. Also the changes of Quranic subjects, was manifested. So the author of this passage Studies the Viewpoints of old and new interpreter of sonni’s thinkers to the subject of Quran entirety, and the changes and extensivity of this subject was compared in two period (past and present).

Friedrich Daniel Ernest Schleiermacher (1768-1834) was one of the most notable theologian and philosophers, who is known for his impressive attempts in modern theology after the age of enlightenment. One of the most important aspects of theological standpoints of Schleiermacher is that he raised the question of the religious nature in the enlightenment for the first time. He tried to develop a systematic theory and He based the religion on the firm foundations which were free from the criticism of rationalism. Therefore, he defines religion as an "absolute dependence feeling". Schleiermacher’s definition of religion as feeling posses a considerable impact on the thinker’s ideas that live after him such as Otto’s theory. He emphasized a feelings too, but also criticized the absolute dependence of feelings of Schleiermacher. He instead considered the feeling of being creature as the most important criteria of the religion. In this paper, the author’s analyses Schleiermacher’s view about religious feelings and Otto’s criticism on them.

Modernity is the process of the thought, philosophical, scientific, industrialized, political, and social development, which occurred in the West after renascence. This phenomenon possesses special characteristics. The chief question is ' what the relationship between this western phenomenon and religion is'. Is Islam necessarily contradictory with modernity or consistent with it? Whether the challenges between religion and modernity are resolvable? In this paper, the various doctrines will be examined. Some religious studies scholars hold that they are consistent. They believe that in order to develop our country, we need to follow the enlightenment. In contrast, some maintain that religion and modernity are necessarily contradictory. Some other thinkers believe that they are inconsistent, but their inconsistency is resolvable. To resolve the inconsistency, these thinkers are divided into some groups. In this paper, the doctrine will be defended that not only modernity and religion are not necessarily antagonistic, but also today religion is alive, dynamic, and thriving in many modern metropolises.