JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Year:2018 | Volume:10 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:7

Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. is deciduous or nearly evergreen tree that is highly valuable due to showy and beautiful flowers, resistance against extreme temperature and drought, medicinal properties, wood production and...Morphology, ecology and propagation of this species in Golparaky plain of Jiroft was studied. The highest of its distribution in middle east is seen in this plain that has been introduced as genetic reservoir. The species grows on sand dunes and sand loams or stony places of river bed. pH of area soil is equal 7.5 and its EC is 1.3 desi zimen m -2. The amount of micro- and macro-elements and organic carbon of soil was lower than standard. Root branches are long and various which produce new plantlets using vegetative propagation even in distances of 30 m farther. The inflorescence is raceme-cyme, flowers are odorless, protoandrous and contain heteromorph stamens and adnate perianth. In the middle of flower is seen a well-developed nectary disc producing about 1 ml nectar of odorless or purple color. Flowers are cross pollinated but no pollinator was observed in pollination season. The species is fruitless and seedless although flowers seemed normal. Root branches endanger due to floods and soils of sandy and loamy. The seed absence, less vegetative propagation and losing of vegetatively propagated seedlings due to grazing by cattle and sheep and increasing dry and high increase its treat risk. Thus, its protection should be taken seriously. Also, it is recommended to consider to its vegetative reproduction.

In order to evaluate the response of selected cultivars of almond, grafted on different rootstocks under drought stress due to increased irrigation intervals in the 2015-2016 year, in the Temperate Fruit Research Center, Horticultural Research Institute in Karaj, a factorial based on a randomized complete design with three replications was carried out. Factors comprised cultivars in five levels (Supernova, Texas, Marcona, Shokoufeh and K13-40), rootstocks in Three levels [peaches × almonds hybrids (GF-677 and GN-22), and bitter almond seedlings NO.32], and drought stress in four levels (irrigation intervals were 3 (Control), 5, 10 and 15 Days). The results showed that the interaction of three factors for chlorophyll fluorescence parameters include maximum (Fm), variable (Fv) and variable to maximum (Fv/Fm), electrolyte leakage and releate water content (RWC) of leaves at 1% probability level, and interaction effects of rootstock × cultivar for chlorophyll b and a/b as well as cultivar × drought stress for a/b were significant at 5% probability level. Also, interaction effects of rootstock × drought stress were significant for all evaluated traits except a/b at 1% probability level. Drought stress reduced Fv by increasing Fo and decreasing Fm, and reduced Fv/Fm in sensitive cultivars on seedling and GN-22 rootstocks from 0.82 to 0.67. As a general result, all of the cultivars on the GF-677 rootstock showed greater resistance to drought stress. Supernova and Shokofeh cultivars grafted on GF-677 rootstock were most resistant rootstock - scion compounds, but other rootstock-scions compounds, were sensitive to drought stress.

Salicylic acid is one of the regulators of physiological processes causing increased resistance of plants to environmental stresses. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of drought stress and salicylic acid on morphological parameters and photosynthetic pigments in sunflower An experiment was performed as factorial in a fully random design with three replications in laboratory of physiology at Islamic Azad University, Kaleybar Branch in the agricultural year of 2017. The experimental treatments included salicylic acid at four levels (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mMolar), and water potential at five levels (0, -5, -10, -15, and -20 MPa). The results obtained from the analysis of variance indicated that the interaction between drought stress and salicylic acid and level of chlorophyll-a, total chlorophyll, length, wet and dry weight of the aerial parts was significant. The results of comparing the mean of the interaction between drought stress and salicylic acid indicated that the maximum level of photosynthetic pigments and morphological parameters was obtained by the treatment involving no application of stress plus salicylic acid 1 mM. The results obtained from this research indicated that drought stress resulted in a significant reduction in the growth of aerial parts and root, wet and dry weight of the aerial parts and root, and photosynthetic pigments. On the other hand, in the plants pretreated with salicylic acid, the extent of this reduction has been modified. Based on the obtained results, salicylic acid culminated in diminished damage incurred in response to drought.

One of the genes that can play a role in increasing the incidence of type 2 diabetes is the MNSODA16V gene. In this study, the relationship between this gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus among Mazandaran people was studied. About 1cc of blood containing EDTA (CBC) plasma were obtained from 50 infected and 50 individuals. In order to determine the amount and quality of DNA, two methods of quantitative evaluation using spectrophotometric method and qualitative evaluation using electrophoresis were used. In order to estimate the DNA concentration, 4 ml of the DNA base solution was mixed with one ml of the sampler buffer and evaporated once in the wells of 1.2% agarose gel in the TAE buffer. To evaluate the PCR product, 2% agarose gel was performed.5 ml of the product of each reaction, with 1 ml of color, was transferred to gel wells and electrophoresis at 100 volts for 1.5 hours. The gel was stained in Ethidium bromide solution (0.5 mg / ml) for 20 minutes, and then transferred to distilled water from the dye gel apparatus. Unfortunately, due to the repeated use of up to 3 times and the use of the DNA extraction kit, this is not the work process and needs to be further explored. For this reason, this study shows little success with the association of MNSODA16V polymorphism and also requires more study in different populations to better understand the role of MNSODA16V.

Heavy metals are important environmental pollutants because of their toxicity, ecological, evolutionary, environmental, nutritional, and is considered as a major problem. Many studies have shown that plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi and the use of hormone Brassinosteroids increased resistance of plants to heavy metals. In this study, the effect of mycorrhiza Glomus mosseae and 24-epibrassinolid (10-6 mM) on anise resistance to the stress of cadmium chloride (0, 100, 200 and 800 ppm) were compared. The results showed that cadmium reduced percentage of root mycorrhizal colonization, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway intermediates containing protoporphyrin IX, magnesium protoporphyrin IX, Protochlorophilid, chlorophilid a and chlorophilid b and carotenoids in the anise plant. Plants pretreatment with brassinosteroid, plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and interaction brassinosteroid and Glomus mosseae increased the amount of the compounds of cadmium chloride concentrations were 100 and 200 ppm. Therefore it can be concluded that Brassinosteroids and mycorrhizal fungi in the this concentrations on plant resistance and mechanisms of photosynthesis have a positive role and plant resistance to cadmium toxicity in this plant.

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer related death. Ginger is an edible and medicinal plant having important health benefits including anticancer activity. The aim of this study was evaluation and comparison of the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of ginger on lung cancer cells and normal mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Human lung cancer cell line A459 and normal mouse embryonic fibroblasts were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of ginger extract for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The MTT assay was used to determine cell viability. Ginger extract in concentrations of 1800 and 2000 mg/ml had killed both of cells at 72 hours after treatment and caused morphological changes in cells which were more obviously in cancer cells. Ginger extract in concentrations of 1000, 1200, 1400, 1800 and 2000 mg/ml killed cancer cells more than embryonic cells (P<0.05). Cytotoxicity effect of ginger on lung cancer cells was more than its effect on normal mouse embryonic fibroblasts and can be regarded as a safe anticancer medicine.

The genus Rubus L. (Rosaceae, Rosoideae) includes 750 species. This genus is distributed from Low-TroPical to Sem-Polar region. Eight species and five hybridization varieties were reported in the flora of Iran. Rubus is one of the most challenging genera in flowering plants. Due to polyploids, apomixis and hybridization in the genus mentioned bring challenges in Rubus identification based on morphological characters. Collecting quantitative and qualitative data in plant studies is very time consuming and costly. Therefore, many kinds of research have been conducted on variable methods which are so reliable and economy vantage. Data mining has been applied for many purposes, e.g., bio-data analysis. In the current paper, a combination of different feature selection and classification algorithms was used to recognize the distinctive features of the genus Rubus L. Using the Random Forest classification method and the Info Gain AttributeEval feature selection model, we accurately classified it to 94.05 percent with 28 attributes which is the best algorithm in terms of accuracy and when we applied the MLP method and the Symetrical AttributeEval feature selection model, With only four attributes, the accuracy of the classification was obtained by 84.32 percent which is the algorithm with the least number of selected attributes. Four attributes mentioned were selected by most of the algorithms used in this paper. All of these attributes are qualitative and there is no need for laboratory measurement costs to obtain them. So there can be a suitable criterion for identifying key.