LITERARY CRITICISM & STYLISTICS RESEARCH
Year:2010 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

The Hamsayeha (Neighbors) is written by Ahmad Mahmud, the famous contemporary novel-writer. Since the writer has engaged in inner introspection analysis of the characters and different social classes, it can be classified as a social novel. This novel is mainly related to the life of poor and political people in the years 1953 whose major concerns were with nationalization of oil industry. In this novel the writer makes very artistic use of description, dialogue, action, naming and symbolism in creating the characters. It seems obvious that Ahmad Mahmud has put more emphasis on the use of description and dialogue in characterizing the heroes of the story.

Emran Salahi, one of the most prominent and contemporary poets and satirists, has had ever lasting works. One of the most important aspects of his satire is the forms. The forms of verse in his satires include couplet, lyric, stanza, rubai (quatrain), return-tie, free verse, and the forms of prose in his satires include novel, short story, letter, travel book, drama, scenario, sleep book, word book, memoir, interview, josh, point, news and advertisement.In this article, different forms, with the counting of frequencies by finding examples are analyzed and in conclusion the reasons of the variety of the forms are discussed.

Although the prose has been known as a poor and soulless style during Safavi period than before, but the works of some groups of writers who have chosen simple style should not be assumed as an obscene and worthless one.Among such works we can mention a book which is called "Jahangoshaye khaghan" and despite it's historical and literary values, it has not been considered by researchers of Safavi era so This document that two manuscripts of which have ever known about in addition to accurate and detailed reports that it has about the life and reign of Shah Ismaeil Safavi, is also very worthy of attention in terms of style aspects. Anecdotes quoting manner is similar to the story-telling way, by employing lots of idioms and compounds and using Court sentences coupled with verbal arrangement, has been shown in most parts of the book in such a way that historical topics are shown in a less valid manner.In addition to introducing this book and reviewing it's contents, this article will introduce two other documents that have been written after Jahangoshaye Khaghan.

Mehdi Akhavan Sales is one of the most famous contemporary poets in Iran. He was born in 1928 in Mashhad and died in 1990 in Tehran. During his life he published 11 poetry books, 3 selections of poetry books, and some prose. One of the most well-known poems of his poems is Zemestan (winter) which is investigated in this paper. This poem is a blank verse which is written after the style of Nima. It has two internal and two external rhymes and rhythms. Other features of the poem are alliteration, balance and repetition.It is rich in metaphor, symbolism, irony and allegory. Archaism is one of Akhavan's major styles. More than 30 cases of lexical and syntactic archaisms can be detected. Several new forms and some colloquial expressions can also be observed.

Except for Khalkhali, Pejman and Ghaznavi editions, almost all other editions of Hafiz in the above couplet have recorded boruj instead of khoruj.Commentators were often ignorant of the meaning of khoruj in this couplet.This lack of attention to theword khoruj can stem from the obvious connection betweenboruj and other words like, sky, bright, earth, nova, omen and auspicious. Nevertheless, in this article, we will show that khoruj has a semantic relation with the above mentioned words and it is not only incorrect but also preferable 10 the other word boruj.

Nizamiin Khosrow and Shirin has repeatedly used the word Pari (fairy) in connection to Shirin and her servants. Fairy (jinni in religious terms) in the past history of Iranian culture and also in Islamic period, and men of letters has various characteristics. InNizami s term these characteristics which fit into the folklore are directly or indirectly reflected. Such characteristics as being beautiful, agile, fanciful, secretive, reclusive along with the description of their habitat and the way they find solutions for their problems are recounted. In this article the researchers will investigate these beliefs in Khosrow and Shirin, one of the most famous poetry books in Persian language.

(Al-Avasit) one of Jibran-Khalil-Jibran's works not only is considered as a boundary between his two written languages Arabic & English but also between his ideas and thoughts; because after writing this book he resorted to philosophical and mystic ideas.Jibran in this book is influenced by (Nitche) the German philosopher, showed tendencies toward pessimism and darkness (obscurities) unlike his previous works. For this reason most of the critics are describing his book (Al-Avasit) as a black and dark work which is full of pessimism.In this paper, the text of the book is taken as a boundary between the dark and bright sides of Jibran's ideas, and its writing is regarded only as a mental experience for him.

Proverb is one important type of folklore and oral literature. Bakhtiyari tribe with its influential history, culture and literature is fully known by orientalists from cultural, political and social point of view. Many renowned researchers and Iranologists, have penned famous works about Bakhtiyari tribe. This paper is an attempt to investigate proverbs in Iranian culture and especially Bakhtiyari people. First of all, a brief chronological description of the population in the study in terms of their culture and social status is rendered. Then sources and previous research on this type of folklore literature is textually analyzed.