LITERARY CRITICISM & STYLISTICS RESEARCH
Year:2011 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:7

By comparing "Khane Haftom-rostam" from Shahname with "Saed Ibne Fares" from "One Thousand and One Night", this article attempts to generalize this morphological comparison to different parts of these two texts and analyze their similarities and differences between them. Such a comparison, can, with no doubt, reveal ignored aspects of their reciprocal impact on each other.Since "one thousand and one night" has its roots back in pre-Islamic Iran, this research can provide those interested with more insight toward researching this invaluable piece of literature.

Masnavi has several unique characteristics among all literary works of the world. One of them is, to create extempore and present it to the addressee. In fact, the fundamental reason of creation of Masnavi is the presence and demands of addressee.In this article, the researcher attempts to reveal how the addressee plays a role in the creation of Masnavi in its current form. The structure of Masnavi is based on several anecdotes or fables within each other. Presenting some anecdotes, tales, verses and verbosity and brevity of them and also focusing on a particular part of the anecdote or even existence of many pornographic verses and anecdotes and the general forms of the whole work, are the consequences of the presence of addressee at the time of the creation of Masnavi.In fact, Molavi and the addressee together form the structure of Masnavi.

Among the Ebtehaj's poems, simile and description have a crucial place to the extent that these techniques can be regarded as stylistic features of this poet. In many cases the poet, in order to induce his traditional and modern thoughts, makes use of these two techniques. What is more important in the rhetorical structure of a work is simile, and other elements like metaphor, personification and allusion are considered as subcategories of simile.On the other hand, study on this rhetorical element in stylistics is very important because understanding these mental connections, which can be both sensory, or both intellectual, or one sensory and the other intellectual, can be influential in intensity and laxity of allusions. In stylistics, the case of allusion can create a particular viewpoint and distinguish one character from the other.Extension and development of simile and use of adjectives in various manners has made Ebtehaj's poems significant. In this research, use of simile and description in Ebtehaj’s works will be investigated.

The language used in the writings of Shams is unique and to a much extent different from the language of previous and following periods. This characteristic is so unique that some scientists ascribe it to the writer’s colloquial and informal style.It is colloquia whose speaker has not engaged in its writing, recording, and editing.Other writers, who engaged in writing these colloquia, in order to be faithful to the speaker, have recorded every single detail of the speech. They acted, as far as possible, like stenographers to render a vivid picture of the speaker’s speech. These observations are confirmed by historical pieces of writing. We are faced with a text named ‘articles of Shams’ which have especial style whose features can be shown by thorough analysis. This article has two aims: firstly, stylistic features of Shams’s articles are introduced; secondly, it points out the differences between them and other similar texts and tries to briefly compare them with each other.

Analyzing literary and artistic innovations from a psychological point of view not only does show many spiritual and mental characteristics of their creators but also reveals some of their undisclosed mental states. In fact, psychology tries to go from undisclosed toward the revealed. In this article, the focus is on analyzing Khensa's elegies, one of the poets before Islam, from a psychological point of view.Elegy which is one of the themes of poems was prevalent before Islam and tribal bloody battles were the main reasons of its creation.This kind of poem is replete with pure affections and the poet tries to express his or her grief and misery in the absence of beloved ones. The psychological characteristics of Khensa's poem are sorrow-loving, pondering over death, bewailing and her loneliness.

There is a significant difference between "Ganjine Asrar" and other narrations of the event of "Ashoora". The poet of this literary work has, with a mystical and tasteful glance, associated this event to "Alast" vow with a theosophical attitude. This article has tried to examine the narration of this work with a view to the ideas of structuralism about narration. Also, it has attempted to briefly define and clarify Proposition and development of the narration.Moreover, some parameters of structuralism in narration of "Ganjine Asrar" have been analyzed. Additionally, it has noted the narrator of the story.

If developed and handled deftly by the writer, characterization, which is considered as one of the main components of a story, can be a point of strength which could attract the reader. With the rise of the modern novel, in which the writer focuses on the mental and psychological state of protagonists and antagonists, the element of character and the way it is handled received more attention than ever on the part of the writers. This tendency in Western literature is best exemplified in some works by Joyce, Woolf, Kafka and Faulkner. Following their acquaintance with this tendency in Western literature, Iranian writers, too, inclined toward psychological novels dependent upon the element of character. Among these writers is Hushang Golshiri who, despite the small number of his works, came to establish his personal style regarding a type of fiction which relies upon strong characterization and intends to display the psychological concerns of characters. This paper is an attempt to analyze characterization in six short stories by Golshiri.