International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery
Year:2020 | Volume:8 | Issue:3|Papers Count:10

Today, emergence of infectious diseases has overshadowed many health beliefs and played a great role in the history of health development. The United Nations Secretary-General has introduced “ Communicable diseases” as one of the challenges of our time. Viruses can be one of the causes of contagious diseases. The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. . .

Inconsistencies between the number of patients, qualified caregivers and lack of adequate services and resources in the healthcare systems for people living with HIV/AIDS have led to the idea of providing healthcare services for this vulnerable population at home. This study aimed to review the evidence related to the Home-Based Care (HBC) programs in the context of HIV. Literature search was carried out without publication date limit through English databases of Cochrane Library, PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, as well as Persian databases including Magiran and SID by the end of July 2019. Out of 1312 studies retrieved from the search of databases, six guidelines and 50 articles met the eligible criteria. The results showed that the overall purpose of HBC is to create hope through providing appropriate care to help the patients and their families to maintain their independence and have the best possible quality of life. The potential benefits of HBC could be discussed in three main categories: 1) patients, including patients’ satisfaction, quality of life, adherence to antiretroviral therapy, preventing mother-to-child transmission, as well as biochemical, social and psychological outcomes, 2) families, consisted of promotinon of family members’ participation, enhancement of family members’ awareness and provision of voluntary counseling and testing, and 3) healthcare systems, containing health care costs, workload at healthcare centers and time spent on services. Given the lessons learnt from the existing HBC programs, developing an alternative approach for providing healthcare at home in the context of HIV seems necessary and could be an agenda for action in health policy making in Iran.

Background: Diabetes control in adolescents is a difficult and tedious process. Diabetic teens need training to control it and prevent its complications. This study aimed to investigate the effect of peer education on self-care behaviors and glycosylated hemoglobin among adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Methods: This controlled clinical trial was conducted in Iran from July 2018 to June 2019. 84 teenagers with type 1 diabetes were selected using a simple random sampling and randomly divided into control and intervention groups using block randomization. The intervention group received 4 sessions of training by peers on self care behaviors in diabetes. The control group received the routine training. The self-care questionnaire was filled out, and glycosylated hemoglobin was measured before and three months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. 0. The significance level was set at P<0. 05 Results: Three months after the intervention, the intervention group reported significantly higher levels of score of self-care behaviors (P<0. 001) and lower levels of mean glycosylated hemoglobin (P<0. 001), as compared with the control. Also, the mean self-care score was not significantly different in the control group before and three months after the intervention (P>0. 05). Besides, the mean glycosylated hemoglobin significantly increased three months after the intervention in the controls (P<0. 001). Conclusion: The implementation of peer education can improve the self-care behaviors and glycosylated hemoglobin in adolescents. Hence, regarding its low cost and high safety, it is suggested that this approach should be established in the control of other chronic diseases in order to strengthen the self-care behaviors in adolescents.

Background: Sexual compatibility between husband and wife is an effective factor in both sexual and marital satisfaction. However, there is limited valid and reliable questionnaire to measure the degree of sexual compatibility between the couples. Methods: In this exploratory mixed method study, 54 individuals were interviewed in the qualitative phase and 448 persons participated in the quantitative phase. Totally 502 participants (261 woman, 241 men) took part in this study. According to 205 final codes derived from the qualitative phase, 102 initial items were developed, the number of which reached 69 items after deletion and merging performed by the research team. After face validity, content validity and construct validity, 68 items were introduced into the construct validity phase. Results: Following exploratory factor analysis and promax rotation, the items were reduced to 35 in 4 factors: “ Requirements of a sexual relationship” , “ Sexual agreement” , “ Contextual obstacles” and “ Outcomes of sexual compatibility” . The questionnaire Cronbach alpha and correlation coefficient of the test-retest method were 0. 90 and 0. 91, respectively. Conclusion: Final Questionnaire included 35 items in 4 point-Likert scale with total score of between 35-140. This valid and reliable questionnaire is brief, easily interpreted and can measure the main factors affecting sexual compatibility with the spouse in clinics and research fields.

Background: Due to the increasing population of elderly and the consequent increase in the number of chronic diseases such as dementia, the psychological complications such as anxiety in the family caregivers increase. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention on the anxiety of family caregivers of the elderly people with dementia. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was performed in the elderly Neurology Clinics in Shiraz from May to August 2017. This study was conducted on 70 families with elderly people with dementia who were randomly divided into an intervention (receiving in groups for seven sessions of educational intervention) and a control group (Conventional care). Data collection tool was Spielberger’ s Anxiety Inventory (40-items, score=20-80). Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using ANOVA test with repeated measures and independent t-test. Results: One and three months after the interventions, the mean scores of anxiety in the intervention group were 70. 51± 3. 78 and 70. 31± 3. 43 and in the control groups they were 76. 45± 3. 45 and 76. 22± 5. 08 respectively. The results showed significant differences between the two groups regarding anxiety after the intervention (P<0. 001). Conclusion: Educational programs held to promote and maintain the physical and mental health of caregivers could reduce the anxiety of family caregivers of the elderly with dementia. Trial Registration Number: IRCT2017080915426N4.

Background: Gaining adequate knowledge about high-risk pregnancy (HRP) and correct understanding of the condition, empowers women to improve the use of prenatal care, practice better self-care, and reduce the risk of pregnancy complications. The present study aimed to assess the valuation of knowledge by Iranian women with HRP. Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted on 25 women with HRP from August 2017 to August 2018 at various educational hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews. The data collection process continued until data saturation. The data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis method and MAXQDA software (version10. 0). Data collection and data analysis were conducted concurrently. Results: Based on the analysis of the interviews, two main categories and eight sub-categories were extracted. The main categories were “ Positive valuation of credible problem-relevant knowledge” and “ Avoidance of misleading and stressful information” . The results showed that various factors had a positive impact on knowledge gathering, namely personal and other people’ s experiences, obtaining need-based information, sympathetic advice from others, and faith-based health recommendations. On the other hand, factors that had a negative impact were related to the type of information that caused stress, was unreliable, inefficient or incompatible with personal goals. Conclusion: The findings of the present study would help health care providers to offer suitable and empathetic counseling to women with HRP. Providing valid and accessible sources of information will lead to faster and timely referrals of such patients.

Background: Pediatric chronic pain is prevalent and disabling. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of chronic pain among adolescents in Shiraz, Iran. We also compared emotional intelligence, self-esteem and parenting style between adolescents with chronic pain and healthy adolescents. Finally, we examined the predicting role of these variables regarding chronic pain in adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study, from January to June 2018, was conducted on 734 adolescents in Shiraz. A clustering sampling method was used. Adolescents with chronic pain were identified by affirmative answers to screening questions based on the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) criteria. Participants completed three validated self-report questionnaires: Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, Rosenberg self-esteem scale and Baumrind parenting style questionnaire. The data were analyzed through SPSS v. 22 software using Mann-Whitney and binary logistic regression tests. P<0. 05 was considered significant. Results: There were 221(30. 1%) adolescents who met the ICD-11 criteria of chronic pain. Mann-Whitney tests showed that emotional intelligence (P<0. 001), self-esteem (P<0. 001), authoritative parenting style (P=0. 004), and authoritarian parenting style (P=0. 006) were significantly different in adolescents with chronic pain compared to healthy adolescents. Binary logistic regression revealed that emotional intelligence (P<0. 001), self-esteem (P<0. 001), authoritarian parenting style (P=0. 04) and authoritative parenting style (P=0. 01) were significantly correlated with chronic pain after controlling for demographic variables. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that emotional intelligence, self-esteem and parenting styles could be important factors in development or maintenance of chronic pain in adolescents. The results have potential to be extended to future interventions for adolescents with chronic pain.

Background: Parents tend to experience considerable amounts of anxiety before their children undergo open heart surgery. This study was conducted to assess the effects of taking a hospital tour on preoperative anxiety in the mothers of children undergoing open heart surgery. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 96 mothers from Shahid Modarres Hospital in Tehran, Iran, during April to December 2018, were selected through convenience sampling and were assigned to three groups using simple randomization. The oral instruction group (N=32) attended two oral instruction sessions; the hospital tour group (N=32) participated in tours of the operation room and intensive care unit; the control group (N=32) was prepared according to the ward’ s routine. Preoperative anxiety was evaluated using the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Data were analyzed in SPSS-20. The ANOVA, paired t-test and Tukey’ s test were used for the data analysis. The level of statistical significance was set at P<0. 05. Results: The mothers’ anxiety about surgery (F=30. 99, P≤ 0. 001) and their scores of state anxiety (F=6. 02, P<0. 001) differed significantly among the three groups after the intervention. A significant difference was observed between the oral instruction and control groups (P<0. 001) and the hospital tour and control groups (P<0. 001) regarding the surgery-related anxiety scores. A significant difference was also observed between the oral instruction and control groups (P=0. 002) regarding the mothers’ state anxiety scores. Conclusions: The results suggest the greater efficiency of oral instructions versus hospital tours. Nurses can use oral instructions for reducing surgery-related anxiety and state anxiety of mothers before their toddlers’ open heart surgery.

Since the outbreak of the New Corona Virus in Wuhan, China and its spreading to Iran, first cases of COVID-19 positive were identified in Qom, Iran and in a short period of time many other main provinces including Isfahan, Tehran, Markazi, and Semnan were also infected with the virus shortly after that in all 31 provinces the virus spread. . . .

There have been numerous outbreaks of infectious diseases in the world. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a Public Health Emergency. 1 The pandemic has caused not only the risk of death, but also too much psychological pressure on people all over the world. . . .