The Financial Accounting and Auditing Researches
Year:2010 | Volume:2 | Issue:5|Papers Count:8

Forums investors with a high volume of distribution of information that must be faced this information to decide on their investment to use, Select the type of information depends on how attitude and intellectual theory, and they need to depend on.in research with aim of the present model of decision-making through study and research assumptions that the relevant relationships including the relationship between net sales growth, operating profit growth and net profit growth with stock yield to give cognitive of theory in technical reviews total to sector in large industry in Tehran Stock Exchange and the fraction of groups and individual together and even each company separately has been acting.Resarch studies in areas such az Felezate asasi, khodro va saakhte ghatat, Mavad va mahsoolate ghazae, Mahsoolate shimiae (including Mahsoolate shimiae, Mahsoolate darooe groups), Kaani hae gheire felezi (including Siman, Kashi o seramik, Sayere kani hae gheire felezi groups) and the 111 company with five-year period has run 83 to 87. Process of study is library type and after the events with panel data regression model in three different coefficient (common, period, and cross section). And results of the review not to Meaningful assumptions in most industries except chemical products industry and refers to relevant groups, which showed defect in stock exchange and reporting trend and decision making base in stock exchange.

In this study, by considering the essential rule of corporate governance mechanisms in affairs related with companies, the impact of corporate governance on auditor's risk and planning judgments has been investigated.The goal of this study is the determination of the impact of governance mechanisms such as the Board of directors structure , auditing(insider mechanisms), majority shareholder and institutional investors(outsider mechanisms) on independent auditor's judgment and planning such as assessment of inherent risk, control risk, extent and timing of substantive testing.The hypothesis of this study were tested for 83 Certified Public Accountant in 1388 by using a questionnaire survey investigates and the results reported here indicate that only the internal auditing has effect on programming process and the rest of governance mechanisms don't have any effect the results of the research indicate, that only in one case, percentage of nonexecutive managers in company's Board of directors structure has effect on assessment of inherent risk by auditors.

This study tends to present the result of capital asset pricing model in tehran stock exchange (TSE) market.It tends to use CAPM to lead portfolio managers and other investors to optimize their investments in TSE market.The result shows that capital asset pricing model is able to describe the behavior of returns in short term tehran exchange. The relation between risk and returns in Tehran Stock Exchange in condition of using weekly data will prove the claim of CAPM that there is a positive liner relationship between expected returns and beta.

Previous studies have shown that predicting the success or failure companies is possible by deriving financial ratios and regression models as proven effective estimation tools. Thereof defining the accountable model types and estimation methods in different conditions is the subject of this research.To assess the performance of the Logit and Multi Discriminant analysis to predict the success or failure of companies is the main purpose of this study. With the expressed purpose, we want to test the following hypothesis: "There is no significant difference in the performance of the Logit and Multi Discriminant analysis. However, logit models are more efficient and capable than multi discriminant models”. In this study, two models (Logit and multi discriminant) were estimated by using 12 calculated financial ratios related to the failure of companies (article 141, omitted from the bourse) and finally, concluded:The Multi Discriminant model is more efficient than logit with data for one year before the base year. Logit model is, however, more efficient than Multi Discriminant with data for two years before the base year, but in total, there is no significant difference between the two models.

Various researches have been made about usefulness of accounting information in decision making of financial statements users. For example, many researchs have examined the relationship between accounting variables and stock return or changes in stock price. But a few researches investigated Non-Linear relation between these variables. So, this study examines it. For this, we select 80 companies among all companies listed at Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE), in period of 2003 through 2007. Independent variables, in this study, are Net Income (NI), Operational Profit (OP), Net Cash Flows from Operating Activities (CFO), Net Cash Flows from Investing Activities (CFI), Net Cash Flows from Financing Activities (CFF) and dependent variable is Changes in annual Stock price. The results show that Non-Linear relationship between these variables is stronger than linear relationship between them.

Globally consistent and uniform financial systems provide cost-efficiencies to business and greater safeguards to the public. The public is entitled to have confidence that, regardless of where a business activity occurs, the same high quality standards were applied. It is widely recognized that investors will be more willing to diversify their investments across borders if they are able to rely on financial information based on a similar set of standards. Thus, adherence to international standards, such as those developed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), can ultimately lead to greater economic expansion.But accounting practice as a human activity is affected by the interpretations and judgments in the application of accounting concepts and principles. Human element of accounting is influenced by environmental factors particularly culture. Culture is described as having a pervasive influence on accounting practice through the norms and values held by accountants.Thus the aim in this study is to examine the influence of culture on accounting practice by using Schwartz’s (1992) universal structure of individual-level human motivational values to the domain of accounting. The set of individual-level accounting motivational values was chosen because that is a more comprehensive and theoretically valid representation of the accounting sub-culture compared to the Hofstede-Gray framework. Thus we have chosen three hypotheses.A survey was conducted on accountants in Iran to obtain their attitudes, beliefs and opinions about their motivational goals, and their interpretations in financial reporting.The results reveal significant relationships linking the accountants’ motivational values with their interpretations in financial reporting. Empirical evidence of cultural diversity within the accounting sub-culture was also found. The existence of cultural diversity within the accounting sub-culture provides evidence of the importance of intra-country cultural variations. Thus the knowledge of the accounting motivational values and its effects on judgments and decisions has important usages to the global drive for convergence in accounting and auditing practices.

Having little time and opportunity for decision-making and considering the significant role of timely information in decision-making and the necessity of nonfinancial key information for achieving the economic firm value, an improved framework for commercial reporting of information can help the users in decision-making; and this help and assistance is achieved through a forward look at the future, valuating based on the market value and with a financial and nonfinancial view, decreasing the time and cost of gathering and providing information, and improving clearness and transparency in commercial reporting. The present research is to study, based on this same aim, and examines the main theories of this research, that is lacking sufficient recognition of improved commercial reporting model, and having more effectiveness compared to the currently used model. The research method is comparative-inductive. As a matter of fact, by examining the theoretical base and fundamentals, the theories are formed (comparative method), and then by gathering and collecting the information through questionnaire and statistical analysis of data, the theories are tested (inductive method). For the statistical analysis which has been mentioned in form of Lickert five-order scale, the Student T-test is applied in the 95 percent confidence level. The obtained results show that “the accounting society’s lack of recognition of the reporting model (EBR) has resulted in applying this model, and the (EBR) reporting model can better help the users in making economic decisions compared to the currently used reporting model.”

Purpose of the current research is assessment of management function by using cash value added index in TSE.Thereby, the following hypothesizes have been analyzed.First Hypothesis: cash value added in respect of annual efficiency of shares of companies is a better index than operational gain.Second Hypothesis: cash value added in respect of annual efficiency of shares of companies is a better index than the cash circulations gained from operation.Third Hypothesis: cash value added in respect of annual efficiency of shares of companies is a better index than the efficiency of investment.In this respect, after measuring the required variables, at the first stage by “Kolmogorov–Smirnov” examination, normality of dependent variable of research, or in other word annual efficiency of shares, has been measured and next the procedure was followed by examining the hypothesized. For assessing research hypothesizes the software “SPSS” liner regression, ANOVA, Fisher Examination, t student, Pierson correlation coefficient and statistical examination of Z were used.Results showed none of the hypotheses were confirmed. In the other hand cash value added in respect of annual efficiency of shares of companies is not a better index than operational gain, cash circulations and efficiency of investment.