The Financial Accounting and Auditing Researches
Year:2018 | Volume:10 | Issue:37 |Papers Count:10

Many financial crisis cases related to the public companies have increased recently, but many investors and creditors are difficult to foresee the financial crisis, especially in the cases with earnings management. In literature, many studies related to earnings management only focus on identifying some related factors which can significantly affect earnings management. Therefore, we can only figure out the correlation between these factors and earnings management. In order to decrease the financial crisis risks derived from earnings management and help the investors avoid suffering a great loss in the stock market, we developed a neural network model to predict the level of earnings management. This study aims to investigate the accuracy of earning management forecast by neural network and decision making tree as well as comparing that by linear models. To these end nine effective variables on earnings management were used as independent variables and discretionary accruals as dependent variables. From four industries: agriculture, pharmaceutical, textile and petroleum, 36 firms selected during 2006 to 2013. The least squares regression for linear model, generalized feed forward neural network and decision making tree c5.0, cart were applied for data mining. The results indicated that neural network and decision making tree has the least error in forecasting earnings management than more accurate linear methods. Concerning the relationship between dependent and independent variables, it is said that earning managements by discretionary accrual variables of the prior period (DAI), non-discretionary accruals of prior period or threshold performance (THOD) and risk (Risk) in four linear models, neural network, C5.0 trees and cart has the most correlation.

The full text of this article is the Persian language, please for the view full text, refer to Persian Please click here to view the full text of this article

Methods of financing are effective for the life companies, continuation and growth of the company highly. There are various methods for financing and capital structure to form. Managers’ management combined firm's capital structure in a way that increases the value of the company and maximizes shareholder wealth. This study investigates the moderator role of incorrect stock valuation and capital structure focuses on the relationship between information asymmetry. The sample consisted of 142 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange for the time period 2010-2016. To calculate the variable valuation of incorrect stock of the difference between the market price and the intrinsic value of the stock, to calculate the information asymmetry of the difference between bid and ask price and to calculate the capital structure as well as the ratio of total debt is used, the impact of size, visibility, profitability and growth companies have been controlled. Multivariate linear regression to test the research hypotheses based on panel data has been used. Research results indicate a significant correlation between asymmetry of information and capital structure. The results of the role of moderator stock misvaluation also shows that the stock misvaluation makes adjustments relationsheb between information asymmetry and capital structure result, to groups of High Valuation and under valuation to separate the issue of research in this category with are compared. Compare the regression results in the category indicated; in terms of information asymmetry companies’ appraiser under valuation compared to more companies use more debt.

In this study, we used the information of 73 publicly-held companies with Logit analysis, in order to examine the effect of auditor characteristic on the likelihood of financial statement restatements. We used four characteristics for auditor: auditor size, auditor fees, auditor industry expertise, and audit tenure. The research findings show that raising the number of auditing partner and their fees increases and decrease the likelihood of financial statement restatements of prior year respectively. Moreover, positive impact of audit tenure on prior year financial statement restatements accepted with cautiously; however auditor industry expertise has no significant relation. Analysis of marginal effect of research variables, also certify the impact of aforementioned variables on the probability of previous year financial statement restatements. Our findings enable the users of audited financial statements to assess the probability of previous year financial restatements by evaluating the auditor characteristics and company features by using the Logit model of this research.

Examination of the role of company's financial performance and its indicators of CEO turnover in the -structure of Iranian companies is particular important. It is also important to determine the financial performance of the CEO in his/her survival compared with other factors such as organizational power and politics, that can lead to the recognition of weaknesses and develop procedures and guidelines for improved corporate governance of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, by consideration factors and financial indicators, the relationship between these indicators and the CEO turnover has been tested. The population of this study consisted of all listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange and logistic regression techniques were used to perform statistical analysis. The findings of this study suggest that the financial indicators show a significant inverse relationship with the probability of CEO turnover of the company. Financial performance has been explained approximately 10% and other factors almost over than 90% of CEOs turnover in surveyed companies, based on Nagelkerke’s R Square in logistic regression.

Behavioral finance perspective suggests that some of the changes in stock prices, have not fundamental reason and investor sentiment trends, plays an important role in determining the price. Voluntary disclosure because of advantages such as lower cost of capital, credit, liquidity further improvement in investment decisions and reduce legal risks arising from inadequate disclosure, already done by many companies. Aim of this study examined the effects of investor’ssentimenton voluntary disclosure of listed companies in the capital market of Iran. This research was contrastive, after events associated and practical. The results of hypothesis testing in 72 companies showed that between the investors sentimentand voluntary disclosure is positive and significant correlation, but the categorization sentiment to highs and lows, the relationship between them and voluntary disclosure is not found. Also among the control variables of economic growth, firm size, return on assets and the ratio of book value to market value with voluntary disclosure of a significant positive relationship exists between loss-making and voluntary disclosure of significant negative relationship was found.

Due to the competitiveness of nations' economies and the recent financial crisis at both national and international levels, the need for an effective model to predict the bankruptcy of domestic companies is felt more than ever. Macroeconomic decision makers, economic agencies, and the banking system can benefit from this modeling to make more accurate decisions and reduce undesired outcomes. These models can also be used at the microeconomic level to help with decision-making for future investments.In this research, by implementing an intelligent and coherent system based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), and utilizing Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA), Cultural Algorithm (CA) and Harmony Search (HS), we have attempted to improve on the shortcomings of existing models used internationally. Furthermore, in a joint effort with the Iranian National Tax Administration (INTA), the evaluation scale has been extended to incorporate nationwide data which makes the scope of the work unprecedented in the world. The number of examined samples are 5825 and 4089 respectively in the food and textile sectors, and by applying bankruptcy criteria 999 and 848 samples were detected as bankrupt companies. We found the best performance in the combination of support vector machine with harmony search and imperialist competitive algorithm in terms of not using outlier detection.

Accruals from one side, to allow managers to calculate the earning so that it represents the real value of the enterprise. on the other hand, these accruals authorize the managers to misuse the flexibility of the accepted accounting methods and principles and distort the information content of earnings. however, one of the roles of the corporate governance is to reduce the conflicts of interest between shareholders and managers. corporate governance may reduce the occurrence of earnings management and improve the investors' understanding about the validity of companies' performance evaluated by the earnings in terms of earnings management. the main objective of this study is to investigate the moderating effect of auditor quality and tenure on the relationship between ownership structure and earnings management in tehran stock exchange. employing the pooled data statistical method, the hypotheses have been tested using the data of 170 selected companies. the results showed that the audit quality, the auditor tenure, the institutional ownership and the managerial ownership reduce the earnings management. the interactive relationships among the mentioned variables indicated that the institutional ownership and managerial ownership increasingly reduce the earnings management by increasing the quality and the auditor tenure.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the features of the audit committee and timely audit reports of listed companies on the Stock Exchange of Tehran. According to signaling theory, providing timely financial statements by the companies, has informational content and impact on enterprise value; therefore, it is important to investigate the determinants of delay in the audit report. Formingaudit committee and disclosing its specifications, became mandatory till 2012 according to the guidelines of the Stock Organization; thus, in this research, the data from 201 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange which has disclosed their audit committee profile is used to test the relationship between the features of the audit committee and the delay in audit reports. The research method is quasi-experimental and correlational descriptive. To test the hypotheses of the research, the multivariate regression model was used. The results indicate that the size and history of forming audit committee and existence of members withfinancial specializations in audit committees, is related to reducing delays in the audit report; but the independence of the audit committee and audit committee members experience, increased delays in audit report.

The purpose of risk management is to identify and assess the risk and reduce it using economic resources available to the administrator.This study focuses on the relationship between overconfidence of managers and risk management. In this regard, the three criteria of estimatiton profit error, Investment expenditureand overinvestment as indicators of managers’s overconfidence have been utilized. As well as the four factors of strategy, productivity, reporting and compliance are used to calculate the effectiveness of risk management. How to measure of managers’s overconfidence is based investment decisions of managers and to assess risk management is based on the ability of managers to achieve the objectives of companies. Sample of the present study includes 115 accepted companies in Tehran stock exchange and the method of panel data and fixed effects model have been used to analyzing. The findings show that risk management methods are affected by behavioral biases and overconfidence of managers and will lose its effectiveness. Therefore, the effect of overconfidence of managers on risk management is confirmed.