The Financial Accounting and Auditing Researches
Year:2014 | Volume:6 | Issue:23|Papers Count:8

Earnings per share prediction and its changes as an economic events, from past, were interested for investors, managers, financial analysts and creditors. This interest is because of the use of earnings in share valuation models, improving efficient performing of capital markets, and evaluating solvency and evaluating of firm performance. The purpose of this paper is to earnings per share prediction using neural-fuzzy networks, MLP, GMDH, and determine most preferable model using four measures of evaluating performance. So, companies listed in TSE was chosen as statistical population and statistical sample is consisted of 500 firm-year from 24 active industry from 1386 to 1390 were chosen randomly using clustering sampling. The results show that neural-fuzzy networks is the most preferable comparing with neural networks, MLP, and GDMH, in all of four measures of evaluating performance, that it is showing of high power of this kind of networks in identifying dominant patterns of data and existence of non-liner relations of some accounting variables with EPS. So, the accuracy of neural-fuzzy networks predictions is more than MLP and GDMH, and is more suitable for EPS prediction.

Prior studies document that managers may manage earnings to effect on the market value of stock or opportunistic objectives through the discretionary accruals and revenuesmodels. The purpose of this study is to investigate the power of the discretionary accruals and revenuesmodel to forecast the earnings management in the listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Also, we investigated the effect every one from these models on market value of stock and their relationship with information asymmetry and Q Tobin measures in companies listed on the TSE. The methodology is a data-gathering method and correlation by using multiple regressions and a sample including 1000 years-firms during 2001-2010.The results show that the discretionary accruals-based earnings management models have more abilityin forecasting of earnings management in comparison todiscretionary revenues-based earnings management model. In addition, in contrast to discretionary accruals-based earnings management measure, the discretionary revenues-based earnings management model is an influential and relevance variable on the market value of firm` stock. None of earnings management models don’t confirm correlation between earnings management criteria with information asymmetry measure and alone calculated earnings management on the basis of Kasznik model has significant relationship with Q Tobin measure.

This paper investigates Machiavellianism between accountants, auditors, medics and engineers. This studyuses a questionnaire to measure Machiavellianism. We apply T-test and ANOVA to comparative study among the aforementioned professions, and multivariate regression is applied to test factors effecting on Machiavellianism in accounting profession. The findings show that the level of Machiavellianism is different between engineering, medicine and accounting professions. Engineering profession has mostMachiavellianism, then the accounting profession and in last the medical profession. The results also show that factors which affect accounting profession's Machiavellianism are gender, experience and employment in private sector. Thus, these findings theoretically approve that medicine profession respects ethic more than other professions.

The goal of this paper is to study the effects of relations among capital structure, ownership structure and performance of the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to companies’ performance measuring Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used. Hereon, using performance measured by DEAP software, it is considered whether higher efficiency companies utilize high amount of debt in their capital. Moreover, this research is to find the answer of question “Do capital structure and companies’ ownership concentrate have any effects on efficiency?” The research population composes of 128 companies listed in TSE which have been studied during the years 1386 to 1388. Multivariate linear regression is used to test research hypotheses. Derived results of research show that capital structure (debt ratio) and ownership structure (ownership concentrate) have positive significant effects on efficiency. Besides, results suggest that efficiency amount of companies has positive significant effect in their capital structure ordering.

Due to the financial crises of the twentieth and the twenty-first centuries, investors have largely lost their trust in earning and its quality seeing their own capital or that of others being lost. Therefore, it seems necessary to measure earnings quality. The findings of a lot of accounting studies suggest that despite multiple criteria in performance evaluation, corporate managers and investors in their investment decisions use earning more widely in the optimal allocation of resources in investments. Thus, in addition to the quantity of earnings, the quality should also be noted and examined more carefully. Tangible fixed assets and long term investments are the key elements of financial reporting which represent the financial condition of the business unit. They play an important role in carrying out operational activities and, ultimately, profitability of the firms. Operational activities are not possible without them. This study evaluates the impact of earnings quality on the amount of investment in fixed assets and long term investments. The population is 415 and the selected sample is 123 firms among the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 2002 to 2012. In order to measure the earnings quality, Chen model in 2005 is used which is one of the best models in the world.The research results indicate that a decrease in the earnings quality has negative correlation With Tangible fixed assets, long-term investments, and the whole company assets, and with reducing the quality of earnings, the above mentioned investments increase.

In this research, the impacts of the variables of the ownership structure, which consists of ownership concentration and institutional ownership, on the audit quality of ninety listed companies on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during the years 2005 to 2010 are investigated. From the viewpoint of the goal, this research is applicable and from the aspect of the research methodology, it is casual. In this research, for the measurement of the audit quality, three criteria are used, which are size, turnover period, and specialty in the industry of the audit firm. Also, logistic regression is used to test the hypothesis. The result of the research indicates that the ownership concentration and institutional ownership have negative and significant impact on size and positive and significant impact on specialty in the industry of the audit firm, while ownership concentration and institutional ownership have no significant effect on turnover period of the audit firm.

Although knowledge about how users of financial statements make decisions is limited, it certainly can be said that a part of decision-making relates to predictability of future profitability. Also, profitability is used as a basis for assessing the efficiency of corporate managers. This study, with the aim of introducing an appropriate algorithm for predicting the profitability to the decision makers, by the top 24 financial ratios as independent variables, compares the abilities of internal and comparative data analysis in Non-Linear Genetic Algorithm in anticipating the future profitability of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2002 to 2012. Results of tests indicated that prediction accuracy of internal data analysis in Non-Linear Genetic Algorithm (90.04%) was greater than that of comparative data analysis in Non-Linear Genetic Algorithm (72.85%).

R&D costs are not only a motive for growth of business and a standard for development, but also they can play a significant role in increasing profitability and shareholders' assets. In the developing countries however, the concern of failure to achieve a successful effort and the risk of unsuccessful investment due to low financial ability of these countries are among the inhibiting factors in allocating appropriate budget to this sector.On the other hand, modern technology has successfully and strongly used the progresses in several engineering fields to offer smart products to customers. However, study of evolution process of design models and development of products in this interdisciplinary field indicates time and cost consuming and repeated times of review of each idea. Therefore, in order to improve R&D process of products, its design model requires integration between characteristics and requirements designed in different engineering fields. because competitive environments should be actively accountable for products, rapid, permanent and complicated changes of customers' needs. This research aims at development of an integrated model with a flexible structure for active design and development of mechatronic products that can increase activeness in the process of existing development. Therefore, an effort was made to omit unnecessary stages for design and simulation of products and to increase the number of tested ideas. On the other hand, matching and integration among the designed components in different fields became possible by establishing a cover for mutual dependence and its proportional manpower structure. One of the widely used types of mechatronic products, i.e., pathfinder robots was considered as research community. By selecting an experimental (laboratory) research method, two groups of robots were built with a sample volume of 35 in each group, one based on the only existing integration model and the other based on research proposed model. Finally, the test of results of the two groups was specified by using Analyse-it software. Moreover, the results of both models are reasonably valid considering the calculated Spearman coefficient. The test of comparison of average cost, time and number of review times by using Z statistic confirms the appropriate integration and activeness of model W as compared to model V for design and development of mechatronic products.