Payesh
Year:2016 | Volume:15 | Issue:2|Papers Count:13

Objective (s): This study was conducted to determine the high accident areas and the risk factors of motor vehicle crashes resulting in injury and death in suburban and rural of Tehran province from March 2012 through February 2013.Methods: This was a cross sectional study. The locations of motor vehicle accidents were obtained from police stations. The coordinates of the accidents locations were extracted. The Arc-GIS software was used to overlay the different layers of geographical data and extract the risk map of Tehran province.Results: A total of 1089 motor vehicle accidents were evaluated. 182 accidents (16.7%) resulted in death and 907 accidents (83.3%) resulted in injury. 971 (2.89%) of accidents on roads and highways between urban and 118 (8.10%) occurred on rural roads. The West and North West of Tehran province Specially West of Tehran county, north and central of Shahriar county, north and center of Shahre Rey county are the main areas of traffic accidents leading to injury, south of Tehran county, North East and center Shahre Rey county, East and south of Rabat Karim county are the main areas of traffic accidents leading to death.Conclusion: Most fatal traffic accident was due to reversal or fall of vehicles. The severity of traffic accidents was more on freeways, highways, and non-residential areas, at sunrise, horizontal and vertical curves, out-of-band roadway and unstable weathers. It is useful to conduct more studies to better identify these factors considering their importance in traffic accidents.

Objective (s): Fertility depends on biological, social and cultural factors. Yet, controlled fertility depends on family contracts and the main decision makers for the childbearing are women. This study aimed to investigate the individual factors which may affect the process of decision making for the timing of the first child among women in Shahrood, Iran.Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 300 women who were pregnant for the first time and attended the chosen health centers in Shahrood have been examined through multistage sampling. Research tools were demographic profile, the Schneider's Hope Scale and a quality of life questionnaire.Results: The mean age of study participants was 24.81±3.92 years. The age of women who were planning for their first child had a statistically significant direct correlation with the length of marriage and had a statistically significant inverse correlation with hopefulness, quality of life, and child sequence. Furthermore, in regression model, the presence of ‘age of marriage’ with a positive coefficient and ‘hopefulness’ and ‘quality of life’ with a negative coefficient were statistically significant.Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that the age for childbearing has a stronger relation with age of marriage compared to other factors. Amongst other variables, which affect the process of decision making for the first childbearing were hopefulness and quality of life.

Objective (s): To compare health system responsiveness from households’ perspectives in two affluent and deprived areas in Mashhad, Iran. was selected randomly from two regions of Mashhad.Methods: A sample of 923 households was selected randomly from two regions of Mashhad. Data were collected using the World Health Organization (WHO) questionnaire.Results: In general, respondents selected the "quality of basic amenities" as the most important domain and the "access to social support networks" was identified as the least important domain. Compared to low income households, people in high income areas scored higher on communication, dignity, prompt attentions, choice and autonomy respectively. There was a significant relationship between "education, age, and household income" and ranking responsiveness.Conclusion: Paying attention to households' views on ranking non-clinical quality of care, can improve the performance and productivity of health care system.

Objective (s): The present study aimed to determine the impact of message framing on calcium-rich foods intake in high school girls using the regulatory focus theory.Methods: A random sample of students was selected and divided into 3 groups: a control group and two intervention groups (n= 56 per each group). Intervention groups received loss frame and gain frame pamphlets while the control group just received basic information. Post-test was carried out at tow months follow-up.Results: The loss frame message was more effective on encouraging students to consume calcium-rich foods compared to gain frame message (p=0.02). There was no significant difference within control group.Conclusion: The findings indicated that loss frame oriented message was more effective.

Objective (s): spontaneous abortion is the most common complication of pregnancy that is considered devastating experience physically and psychologically. A large percentage of women shortly after spontaneous abortion are suffering from anxiety disorders and depression. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of counseling on level of anxiety in women with spontaneous abortion in Shahid Akbarabadi Center in Tehran. 100 women with spontaneous abortion definitive signs were randomly selected in two groups intervensional and control. In three sessions intervensional group was received face to face counseling.every session was about 40 to 60 minutes. The control group received after abortion routine care. Both groups were followed up 3 months later.Methods: Data included demographic and HADS questionnaires. Data was analysed by SPSS version 16 and descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square test and t-test).Results: The results showed that pre-test anxiety scores were not significantly different between two groups(p=0.506), However, 3 months after intervention, the intervention group compared with the control group experienced less anxiety (p<0.001).Conclusion: Counseling by midwives to women with spontaneous abortion can be effective in reducing stress. For this reason, follow-up care by the healthcare provider is recommended for all women after abortion.

Objective (s): The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a sex education program on sexual function in menopausal women with sexual dysfunction in selected health centers in Tehran, Iran.Methods: This was a randomized trial. Women who had sexual dysfunction and did not have depression were chosen and randomly assigned into two groups: the intervention and control groups (50 women per each group). The intervention group received a training program in 4 sequential weekly sessions. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Beck Depression Inventory were used to collect data. Sexual function in postmenopausal women was evaluated two months after the intervention in the intervention and control groups. Then, initial assessment was compared to the follow-up data.Results: The overall mean score of sexual function (P=0.001) and desire (P=0.002), excitement (P=0.046) vaginal luubrication (P=0.012), sexual satisfaction (P=0.003) and dyspareunia (P=0.035) were significantly better among intervention group. However, there was no statistical difference between two groups in orgasm (P= 0.059).Conclusion: The finding suggest that four sequential weekly educational sessions can improve sexual dysfunction in menopausal women suffering from sexual dysfunction.

Objective (s): Hemodialysis patients suffer from physical and psychosocial symptoms that can impair quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physical and emotional symptoms and QOL among hemodialysis patients.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 100 patients with end-stage renal disease that referred to the main hemodialysis centers, in Qum, Iran. Data was collected using a questionnaire that included three parts, socio-demographic factors, the SF-36 for measuring QOL, and the Dialysis Symptom Index (DSI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation.Results: The most commonly reported symptoms were fatigue, feeling irritable, nervous and worry. Higher scores observed for social functioning (mean=59.46), while it was lowest for role limitation due to physical problems (mean=30.89) Frequency of symptoms had significant correlation with all QOL subscales (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results indicated that hemodialysis patients experience high physical and psychosocial symptoms and these symptoms affected negatively the QOL of patients. Measurement, evaluation and treatment of symptoms of patients might improve quality of life this patient population.