STUDIES OF LITERARY CRITICISM (LITERARY RESEARCH)
Year:2009 | Volume:- | Issue:14|Papers Count:10

The story of Alexander of Firawsi is one the attractive stories of shahnama, in wich he expresses the many of social, political and religious points. He comprises some of Alexander’s travels to the trio travels of Dhu ‘l-Qarnayn in Holy Quran (not mentiomimg the name of Quran).Althouth, all stories of shahnama are in beauty zenith, but the story of Alexander has a special circumstances.This essay studies briefly the story, paying attention to its ethical and socialproblems, and comprises it to the story of Dhu ‘l-Qarnayn in Holy Quran, sura ‘l-kahf.

Storytelling in the East, as verified through literature and cultural history, enjoys a richer background compared with that of the West. After the advent of Renaissance, Europeans discovered this precious heritage and made use of it to enrich their own literature. They could readily admit to some of the borrowing, yet some of the influences such as those of Persian language and culture were neither mentioned nor evaluated. It is worth mentioning that one of those cases is pertinent to La Fontaine’s familiarity with Persian literature and his being influence by certain tales of Persian sages. In writing this paper, efforts have been made to disclose a small portion of the gains and inspirations.

Islamic belief is highlighted in Shahriar’s poems. Shahriar, as the highest ranking contemporary poet in Iran, shows a surprising deep knowledge of Islamic studies in his poems both before Islamic revolution and after that. In fact, it seems that some of his poems are representations of some verses of holy Koran, or some narratives of Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) or Imams (peace be upon them). Also, it is obvious from his poems that Shahriar really fell in love with Prophet Mohammad and his grand household. Meanwhile, Shahriar’s many outstanding poems about Imam Ali (p. b. u. h.) tell us that there was a special place for the first Imam of Shia in his heart.

Among the methods which mobilize the proximity to two civilizations, two cultures and two customs more than before, is comparison between their literary works of two countries. Literature as a common language of the people in the world is the sign of the ceremonies, habits and civilization of each country. In this essay has been tried to present some points of mutual influences of Iran's and Germany's literature in Middle Ages and ruling imperial literature of this epoch and the influences of women on the same literature by the help of comparing these two lyric compilations, based on their common and different aspects.

As color has an extended and prevalent function and viewpoint of people, it is also applied in realm of poetry .The researcher attempts to examine the status of image and imagination in modern poetry, and to deal with Synaesthesia.The study on modern poetry reveals the permeating use of color and Synaesthesia in course of imagination and thoughts much more then that of classical poetry.

Presenting a comprehensive definition of dramatic language necessitates the study of distinctive elements and components of the genre of theater. The mentioned study is supposed to initiate on the point of the creation of artwork and terminate with scene presentation because the author has to define a certain form by choosing among the various genres of theater and inserting the relevant elements and features in it to achieve the desired effectiveness. This effectiveness should be in a way that the text of the play has a great influence on the audience as well as the readers whit a wide variety of tastes. This sort of analysis primarily seems complicated and however different presentation modes also add to its complexity.Theater is one of the art genres that during its creation, writing outruns discourse. However theater, before any other thing, deals with discourse, specifically the one which is presented as an action and it is the discourse that has to be closely examined. Its various elements which are technically called “pseudo-linguistic” are also supposed to be accurately analyzed, because it is out of their combination and interference with the text that a dramatic work of art comes into existence.

In the literature of every culture and era women have different places which in influenced by nationality, the way of thinking and their culture. They behave in a accordance with the culture in which they have been raised up. Among behavioral patterns of women characters love and its consequence play a very important and determining role.In the Persian epic of Ferdousi’s Shahname, women with or without Iranian race and culture behave differently. In the German epic Niblongensong, the theme of love and sorrow, and the way women characters behave in relation to this motif, has a significant role in the process of the story. In this essay the relationship between women's nationality, the way they have been raised, and their doings in relation to the way they express their love, the sorrow caused by love, and hatred due to the loss of beloved, is studied in two Persian and German epic works, and terraces of different culture in women characters are depicted.