Journal of Geography and Planning
Year:2011 | Volume:15 | Issue:34|Papers Count:9

Modernism in urban planning of the Iran has not been very efficient and applicable. Therefore, the planner believed that urban design in Iran is lacking harmony and context in cities.The modernism has been in contrast to urban planning in view of indigenous culture and cities.The aim of this article has been the study of effects on architecture in urban planning in Iran. This work benefits from research method documentation.Therefore, the creation and evolution of the established cities have been based on relations between human, culture and environment.Therefore, the totality of the cities should be scrutinized and as a result of this comprehensive outlook one can retain the positive facets and correct the negative facets.

The movement of residential and commercial land use to rural areas at the periphery of metropolitan areas has long been considered as a sign of regional economic vitality. But its benefits are increasingly balanced against ecosystem impacts, including degradation of air and water quality loss of farm land and forests, and socioeconomic effects of economic disparities, social fragmentation and infrastructure costs.The negative effects of urban sprawl development in Iran are very high because of climatic restricted and vulnerable ecosystems, especially this trend has attendance with lack or poor planning.In this paper, we used the documental and field study methods and satellite images, topographic maps and statistic data for analyzing urban sprawl development and land use changes in Bonab County for 1989 and 2005. The compared satellite images showed that between 1989 and 2005 the urban land and built up areas increased with very low density development. Therefore, if this process is continued to future years, we will face with environmental crisis in this area and its beautiful natural landscape will be destroyed.Results of this research show that the sprawl development of cities is very harmful for green areas and natural ecosystems. On the basis of research findings we can control many undesirable affects of urban sprawl by using smart growth approaches and farmland protection policies.

Investigating the land price and spatial pattern are of important indices in city programming and planning. This pattern enjoys a different spatial distribution in different cities according to social, natural, economical and ideological characteristics. In fact, the pattern of the land price is different in central parts of the cities of different countries and even inside a single country. Mashhad enjoys a different spatial pattern for the land price in comparison with other cities, paying attention to the significance of the central part of the city and the existence of the holly shrine. This significance, as well as the various plans carried out in this city has resulted in a fake market and problems for the residents which have led to contradictions in the real pattern of the land price in the central part of the city. It has been tried in this study to recognize the effective factors of such contradictions in spatial distribution and to provide appropriate solutions to remove the problems, investigating the spatial pattern and comparing it with the patterns of western cities. In order to investigate the spatial distribution, analytical, library and descriptive methods have been utilized through CAD and ArcGIS software. The findings of this study show that due to the exclusiveness of the buyer in the context of the holly shrine, which has led to the difference in the real price of the land with the offered price by the companies responsible for. In fact the price pattern of the land in that specific zone has some contradictions with the common pattern which is generally due to the exclusiveness of the price determining and buying of the lands. The same issue has caused the residences’ avoidance against the mentioned plan and therefore the unavoidable delays. Therefore, in order to remove the problems, the viewpoint which believes in technology and top-down programming must be substituted with people’s cooperation and bottom-up planning.

Today planning for fruit-vegetables markets in the cities have more importance because of high demand for these productions.So that, we should offer these productions with the standard methods of maintenance availability and cheaper prices.In spite of fruit-vegetables markets planned proposed for these purposes but their functions in Esfahan city were not suitable and they had many problems. In this research we review and analyzed the related regulations and standards of fruit-vegetables markets.The type of research is applied, and data collecting is survey and analysis method is multi variable.This research concluded the following: Functions of these markets have multiple problems such as lack of sanitation and the act of drinking water, and weakness in the control of prices and services. The site selection of this market is not true. Booth sale quality and electricity services have the best ranking but the packing workshop, fruit washing and central depot have the worth ranking.

With regard to the effect of damaging emission on economic and the necessity of the economic growth, the problem is that, what is the relationship between environment damage and economic growth. The purpose of this paper is research in relation to dispersion of Carbon Dioxide, (metric tons per capita) and PM10 (microgram in cubic meter) with per capita income (with stable prices of 1997) -Thousand Rials in period of 1975-2007 and empirical test and the environmental Kuznets curve analysis in Iran. To reach the purposes, we applied Granger and Hsiao causality test and quadratic function estimation by Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. Results show that the PM10 have a unidirectional causality with per capita income. The carbon dioxide and per capital income have feedback or bilateral causality. Also the environmental Kuznets curve for CO2 does not have inverse U form that is in the theoretical analysis. But for the case of PM10 it is right and its turning point is in 2173.9 thousand Rials.

Songhor Chai drainage basin is located in North East of Kermanshah Province, upstream of Jamishan basin, and in the path of Songhor Chai River, and Chahar Masil in north. This river flows in a westerly direction after entering the city of Songhor. As the cross section profiles of any river reflects characteristics such as lithology, tectonic, climate, and mans' interference, we have studied the evolution of all branches and the river itself by applying DEM (Digital Elevation Models) and using data from field trips and geologic maps. One aim of the study was to determine the rate of stability and instability of all study units. For so doing, we drew the dimensionless length profile from the previous data. Results obtained indicate that in Songhor Chai River and branch No.2, there is an approximate balance between the erosion and deposition processes. The valley system of branch No.1 is in its maturity stage, and the water flow inside it is passing the transportation stage, showing more erosive power. Branch No.1 therefore, is considered as the most unstable river valley in the Basin. Branches No.3, and 4 have reached the deposition stage and demonstrate some stability.

Nowadays, tourism industry is one of the sources of income in all the world as well as the effective factor in cultural exchanges among countries. Tourism industry is becoming one of the pillars of the business economy throughout the world, so it has been paid attention by many countries all over the world. Therefore, Kohgiluieh and Boirahmad province, as the second forestall zone in Iran after the North, has appropriate potentials for sightseeing. The aim of this article is to“analyze the application of ecotourism in developing tourism in Sisakht zone in Kohgiluieh and Boirahmad province". The research method in this study is analytical, descriptive and survey. The statistical population of this research includes tourists visiting Sisakht natural zone. In 2007, the cultural heritage and tourism organization of the Dena city announced the quantity of the tourists visiting this zone as 60000 people.381 of them were chosen as our sample and the data was gathered trough questionnaire. Using the SWOT model, the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats were analyzed and some strategies and guidelines were introduced to develop the tourism in Sisakht zone. The findings show that in spite of the importance of the tourism industry in our world and the role of natural resources in attracting tourists, like Sisakht zone, we are facung the destroying of this natural environment, looking from a uni-dimensional perspective (environmental). It is important to prevent further destroying, with an integrative viewpoint (environmental-tourist). Consequently, we are seeking for a safe, active and proliferous environment for attracting tourists to Sisakht zone and finally.

This paper is trying to analyze the environmental impacts of traffic congestion in Tabriz with urban planning approach. There has been a dramatic increase in environmental impacts of population growth and car increase in Tabriz. These impacts include air and nauisance pollution. The extent of such problems is highly reflected in downtown and south (poor–dwelling areas) of Tabriz, where the industrial concentration intensifies the problem. Of the major impacts are the deterioration of monuments and depletion of natural resources. Under the present unfavorable circumstances, this paper emphasizes the reduction and/or eliminating environmental pollution by the use of scientific and applicable methods. There is a great need to review the environment planning processes. This can be achieved on the basis of human–scale functions and requirements. Other measures include determining traffic boundaries in crowded central areas, imposing limits on traffic movements around residential areas through renewable fuels and the development of pedestrian and cycling, friendly environment and traffic education.