Journal of Cellular and Molecular Anesthesia
Year:2020 | Volume:5 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

The COVID-19 pandemic due to the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has tremendously affected the world; including the richest and the poorest ones, from East to West (1). The centennial pattern of the world pandemics was much similar to this one as quoted by many authors...

The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has affected the global health system with an urgent need for more sophisticated studies. One of the prominent aspects of COVID-19 is the feature of the disease in pediatric population. In a retrospective study, four boys COVID-19 patients confirmed with RT-PCR nasotracheal sampling and typical clinical features were assessed. Our patients were in a referral children's hospital with different clinical outcomes. Half of our patients did not have any underlying disease and were discharged after recovery from the disease. Two others had different courses. One with aplastic anemia, which died, and the other one with cyanotic congenital heart disease receiving treatment. These patients were aged 8-13 years old. COVID-19 affects pediatric population while the outcome might be better if there is no underlying condition. However, any major systemic disease should raise caution.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerged pandemic with great worldwide challenges. Radiologic features are one of the most important aspects of the disease, both for screening, diagnosis, treatment assessment and follow-up. Here we review the radiologic aspects of COVID-19 with special focus on critical care patients.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has created a great challenge for the healthcare system worldwide. One of the most critical points of this challenge is the management of COVID-19 patients needing acute and/or critical respiratory care. This study was performed to discover an AI based model to improve the critical care of the COVID-19 patients. In a descriptive study, all the published research available in PubMed, Web of Science, Google scholar and other databases were retrieved. Based on these studies, a three stage model of input, process and output was created. Three stages model of AI application in intensive care unit (ICU) was completed. Input included clinical, paraclinical, personalized medicine (OMICS) and epidemiologic data. The process included artificial intelligence (i. e. artificial neural network, machine learning, deep learning and expert systems). The output which was ICU decision making included diagnosis, treatment, risk stratification, prognosis and management. Efforts of the healthcare system to defeat COVID-19 could be supported by an AI-based decision-making system which would double them up and help manage these patients much more efficiently, especially those in COVID-19 ICU.

The emergence of COVID-19 outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, was reported in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019, and it spread rapidly across the world, resulting in the World Health Organization announcing a global health emergency on 30 January 2020. The first death caused by it in Iran was reported in February 2020 with aftermath outbreak across the country. The novel virus responsible for sever complications even death in all age groups, especially in older adults and people of any age who have serious underlying medical conditions. Researchers around the world are studying to identify the novel virus, SARS-CoV-2, with the aim of preventing its dissemination and to reduce its complications. Here, we discuss the available information regarding the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak and disease caused as a mini-review.

The world has experienced a pandemic due to novel Severe Acute Respiratory Disease Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV2) since December 2019. The clinical spectrum of the disease known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is so much wide, starting from an asymptomatic state to paucisymptomatic clinical presentation, pneumonia, respiratory failure to even death. Supplemental oxygen therapy is essential in managing COVID-19. Also, there is sparse evidence regarding use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in pandemics like SARS-CoV-2. This study reviews the currently available methods for respiratory support in COVID-19 with a discussion about using these modalieties in the COVID-19 pandemic.

In late December 2019, a cluster of unexplained pneumonia cases has been reported in Wuhan, China, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which has been spreading in 204 countries. To date no pharmaceutical products have been approved for the treatment of this viral pneumonia. Based on rapid spread of the disease and high disease burden, several agents have been proposed for treatment of this viral pneumonia, mainly antivirals and immunomodulator agents and underwent in-vitro, animal and clinical trials. Some of these agents have been revealed promising preclinical results but, non of them approved yet. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the mechanism and considerations of widely used investigational agents that are used in the treatment of COVID-19 as off-label.

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) has leaded to a global infection and a pandemic afterwards. This pandemic is one of the greatest global challenges for the health system. In this review, the immunologic basis of the human body response after infection with SARS-CoV2 has been reviewed with discussions on both innate and adaptive immunity. Due to the relatively short time after appearance of the problem, the currently available evidence exclusively dealing with SARS-CoV2 and the disease, coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) are scant; especially in the field of cellular and molecular medicine; however, previous studies especially focusing on SARS-CoV and MERS are available. At the final part of the manuscript, involvement of the main human organs with COVID-19 is briefed.

A pregnant woman (Gravida 2, Abortion 1, twin pregnancy with microinjection, Gestational Age: 23 weeks and 3 days) was referred to a tertiary referral hospital with complaints of fever, dry cough and dyspnea. She was admitted with a diagnosis of COVID-19. During her hospitalization, O2 saturation progressively declined, which required acute respiratory care and support leading to intubation and mechanical ventilation. Gradual recovery occurred through treatment processes and finally the patient was extubated. However, there was another episode of respiratory failure leading to reintubation after 5 days. Meanwhile, serum liver enzymes increased significantly and leaded to intrauterine death of both fetus followed by a critical decline in cardiac output to less than 10% and cardiac arrest followed by unsuccessful resuscitation within hours.

The COVID-19 pandemic due to the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has affected many aspects of the health system. One of those groups that are at very high risk are those health care personnel (including physicians, nurses, and managerial personnel) delivering the perioperative care; including preoperative care, intraoperative care and postoperative care. This is the same challenge for the patients who need to be admitted in hospital while they are feared of being affected by SARS-CoV2. This review considers the safety precautions for perioperative protection of healthcare personnel and patients based on the available evidence.