JOURNAL OF HOLISTIC NURSING AND MIDWIFERY
Year:2020 | Volume:30 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Introduction: Limited health literacy is a major concern among the elderly because they often need more health information and services to maintain their well-being. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the level of health literacy of elderly members of the National Retirement Fund of Rasht City, Iran. Materials and Methods: The present study was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted on 290 retirees of the National Retirement Fund of Rasht City using the convenience sampling method in 2017. The data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of two sections: Personal profile and functional health literacy of adults (TOFHLA: Test of Functional Health Literacy of Adults). TOFHLA consists of two sections: reading comprehension and numeracy, which includes 67 questions (50 questions related to reading comprehension and 17 questions related to numeracy). The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test, Fisher exacttest, analysis of variance, and Independent t-test). Results: The Mean± SD age of the participants was 65. 38± 4. 96 years. About 52. 1% of the subjects were men and the rest were women. Also, 54. 8% had adequate health literacy. The highest Mean± SD score of health literacy was in the field of reading comprehension (36. 30± 7. 90) and the field of numeracy (36. 11± 11. 60). A statistically significant relationship was observed between the level of health literacy and the level of education (P=0. 001) and between the level of education of the spouse (P=0. 0001) and the history of cancer (P=0. 008). Conclusion: This study showed that about half of the elderly studied had poor health literacy. Providing appropriate training programs may be effective in improving the health of the elderly.

Introduction: One of the priorities of nursing education is to provide solutions to nurses’ questions so that they can remain in their career and render professional services. Committed nurses work harder to improve their careers. Professional status can boost nurses’ confidence. Objective: To determine the relationship between professional status and professional commitment in nurses working in hospitals of Kashmar City, Iran. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 230 nurses working in Kashmar City hospitals. They were selected by the census method in 2019. The data collection tools were the nursing professional status questionnaire and the Clikeman and Henning professional commitment questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed with the Spearman, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U statistical tests. Results: The Mean± SD age of the nurses was 31. 57± 6. 82 years (35. 5% men and 64. 5% women). Their Mean± SD score of professional status was 44. 09± 6. 19, and their Mean± SD score of professional commitment was 48. 04± 9. 42. The highest score of professional status belonged to the self-confidence component. The Spearman correlation coefficient showed a significant relationship between the dimensions of self-confidence, treatment team staff, and community in professional status and professional commitment of nurses (P<0. 05). Confidence was the most important predictor for professional involvement in terms of professional status dimensions (R2=0. 228). Conclusion: Health policymakers are advised to take the necessary steps and develop professional status promotion programs and skills related to maintaining professional commitment in nurses.

Introduction: Adherence to patients’ rights is one of the most important ethical issues in the hospital that should be considered. An efficient health system requires active participation and proper interaction between health care recipients and providers. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the status of observing the charter of patients’ rights and related factors from the perspective of hospitalized patients in educational-therapeutic centers in Rasht City, Iran. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted on 342 hospitalized patients during discharge in Rasht City in north of Iran educational-therapeutic centers in 2018. The samples were selected by stratified random sampling. The study instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire with two sections: The first section was related to individual, social, and disease-related information, and the second section to determining the status of the patient’ s compliance. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive (Mean± SD) and inferential statistics (The Chi-Square test, Friedman, and logistic regression). Results: The status of observing the charter of patients’ rights from the patients’ point of view was desirable at 65. 8% in general, 85. 1% in case of receiving health services, 69. 3% in receiving information, 57. 6% in the patient’ s right to choose and decide freely in receiving health services, 66. 7% in providing health services based on the respect for the patient’ s privacy and adhering to the principle of confidentiality, and 19% in access to efficient systems to handle complaints. Also, among the variables studied, the only reason for referral (the physician’ s recommendation to emergency referral) was related to the status of observance of the charter of patients’ rights and was considered as a predictor (OR1. 9, CI95%; 1. 150-3. 233, P=0. 013). Conclusion: According on presenting the results to the health service managers, emphasizing the need to observe the charter of patients’ rights by the health system staff, measures can be taken to improve the status of patients’ rights and prevent any violation of their rights, who are considered vulnerable in society.

Introduction: Substance abuse is one of the health, medical, and social problems in today’ s world that affects more or less all societies. Adolescence is one of the riskiest periods of life in terms of beginning high-risk behaviors such as drug use. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between social skills and attitudes towards substance abuse in high school adolescents in Rasht City, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 750 male and female high school students in the 10th, 11th, and 12th grades of Rasht City in north of Iran were selected and examined using the cluster sampling method. Data collection tools included a demographic information questionnaire, a social skills questionnaire, and the addiction potential scale. The collected data were analyzed using the Spearman, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis correlation tests, and logistic regression model. Results: In the study, 51. 1% of subjects aged 16-17 years, 57. 7% were girls, 85. 2% of them lived with their parents, and 82. 9% of the students stated that there is no addict in their family. Based on the results, the Mean± SD score of social skills in students was 271. 05± 23. 73. In various subscales of social skills, 62% to 73. 9% of students were able to obtain a mean or upper grade. The students’ highest skill was related to the decision-making subscale with the Mean± SD score of 28. 90± 3. 76 and the lowest was related to coping with stress with the Mean± SD of 25. 47± 4. 40. Also, regarding the attitude towards drug abuse, the highest Mean± SD score (more positive attitude to wards drug abuse) was related to the subscales of drug use effects (2. 68± 0. 90); and the lowest Mean± SD (more negative attitude towards drug abuse) was related to the subscale of drug use or the tendency to use drugs (2. 14± 1. 02). According to the results, there was a significant reverse relationship between the mean± SD social skills and attitudes scores towards sub stance abuse (r=-0. 442, P<0. 001). The findings also showed that gender is considered as a predictor variable of substance abuse attitudes, so that boys were 1. 36 times more positive than girls (OR: 1. 36, 95% CI=0. 980-1. 900, P<0. 066). Conclusion: Based on the results, social skills training to increase self-efficacy and selfconfidence in dealing with life’ s challenges and problems may have long-term effects in preventing the occurrence of high-risk behaviors such as substance abuse and creating the right attitude in them.

Introduction: Health-promoting lifestyle is an important determinant of health status and has been identified as a major factor in maintaining and promoting health. Self-efficacy is a psychosocial factor that promotes health. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and healthpromoting lifestyles in students. Materials and Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional analysis. The research population included all students studying at universities in Zanjan City, Iran. The sampling is done by census method at the University of Medical Sciences, and cluster random method at non-medical universities among senior students who entered the study if they wish to participate. Data collection tools included demographic information questionnaires, generalized self-efficacy scale, and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile 2 (HPLPII). The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including the Pearson correlation coefficient test, and linear regression analysis. Results: A total of 1103 students participated in this study, with a Mean± SD self-efficacy of 41. 82± 9. 76, and a Mean± SD health-promoting lifestyle of 2. 53± 0. 40. The Pearson correlation coefficient test was a significant relationship between self-efficacy and healthpromoting lifestyle (r=0. 081, P=0. 007), and its three subgroups included nutritional habits (r=0. 082, P=0. 006), spiritual growth (r=0. 070, P=0. 019), and interpersonal communication (r=0. 073, P=0. 016), and the three subgroups of stress management, physical activity, and health responsibility were not significantly associated with self-efficacy. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed self-efficacy (β =0. 003, 95%CI: 0. 001-0. 006, P=0. 006), age (β =0. 007, 95%CI: 0. 001-0. 014, P=0. 033), and gender (β =0. 050, 95%CI= 0. 001-0. 100, p=0. 046), respectively, and was associated with a health-promoting lifestyle. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, there was a very weak relationship between self-efficacy, health-promoting lifestyle, and self-efficacy as a poor predictor of healthpromoting lifestyle in students.

Introduction: The intensive care unit is a stressful environment due to the high mortality rate of patients, the occurrence of moral problems and working in a tense atmosphere. Faced with these conditions, nurses may be exposed to moral distresses. Therefore, it is important to study the moral distresses that nurses face in these units. Objective: This study aimed to determine the level of moral distress and related factors in nurses working in the intensive care units of Guilan Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was performed on nurses working in all intensive care units in 20 hospitals affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences. The study samples were 414 intensive care nurses chosen by census method in 2018. The data collection instruments were the individual-social factors questionnaire and the 21-item Corley’ s moral distress scale standard questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Mann-Whitney, Kruskal– Wallis and Logistic Regression). Results: The majority of the studied samples were women (90. 6%), married (67. 4%), full-time employees (44. 6%), undergraduate (90. 3%) with Mean± SD work experience of 75. 69± 9. 93 months in the intensive care units. The mean total score of moral distress was 91. 30± 65. 03 (out of 0-332 scores). Based on the final logistics regression model, gender (OR=2. 410, 95%CI; 1. 19-5. 6, P=0. 016) and work experience in the intensive care unit (OR=0. 64, 95%CI; 0. 43-0. 94, P=0. 023) were identified as two factors related to moral distress. Conclusion: The results of this study support the existence of moral distress in nurses in intensive care units, can be considered in planning to reduce the moral distress of nurses in the workplace and improve the quality of nursing care.

Introduction: Sexual performance affects the quality of life of the individuals and their sexual partners. Impaired sexual performance would lead to certain problems. Emotional intelligence is effective in the improvement of sexual satisfaction. Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of emotional intelligence on men’ s sexual performance. Materials and Methods: The present correlational analytical study was conducted in 2018 in the health centers of Rasht City, Iran on 100 men who were selected using a randomized cluster sampling method. The study data were collected using the demographic questionnaire, the Bar-On emotional quotient inventory, and the international index of erectile function through self-report after confirmation of their validity and reliability. The obtained data were analyzed by the indicators of central tendency (mean, standard deviation) and the Pearson correlation coefficient. P value of less than 0. 05 was set as the level of significance for all the statistical tests. Results: The Mean± SD age of the samples was 34. 59± 6. 15 years and most of them had academic degrees and married for more than two years. Their Mean± SD emotional intelligence and sexual function scores were 307. 37± 21. 14 and 23. 4± 16. 7, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and the components of sexual function, including libido (r=0. 72, P= 0. 001), sexual arousal (r=0. 57, P=0. 001), orgasm (r=0. 58, P=0. 001), satisfaction with intercourse (r=0. 75, P=0. 001), and total satisfaction (r=0. 74, P=0. 001). Conclusion: There is a significant and direct correlation between men’ s emotional intelligence and sexual function. So emotional intelligence is one of the crucial factors in the couple’ s satisfaction with their sexual function and making efforts for its improvement could resolve the couple’ s dissatisfaction to some extent.

Introduction: The World Health Organization recognizes oral health as an integral part of public health and believes that untreated oral diseases may greatly affect the quality of life, especially in pregnant mothers who should maintain their health and their babies’ health. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on a health belief model on oral and dental health behavior in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 110 pregnant mothers attending 15 health centers in Rasht City, Iran (a total of 33 centers) were randomly allocated to case and control groups. After the analysis of pretest data (collected using a psychometric questionnaire), an intervention was designed and executed based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). Post-test was administered three months after the intervention and the obtained data were analyzed by using the Chi-square and independent and linear regression test. Results: The majority of the mothers in the case (83. 6%) and control (89. 1%) groups were 18-30 years old and most mothers in the case (45. 5%) and control (58. 2%) groups had high school education. The Mean± SD score of awareness, different constructs of HBM, and performance increased significantly in the case group after the intervention (P<0. 05). The Mean± SD score of performance was 35. 45± 12. 52 in the case group before the intervention and it increased to 77. 26± 9. 33 three months after the intervention (P<0. 05). Conclusion: The results showed that intervention based on this model enhanced oral and dental health behaviors. The results also suggested that the mothers lacked adequate awareness and had a poor performance in adopting oral and dental health behaviors. This model can be used as a framework for designing and implementing educational interventions to decrease dental caries.