Avicenna Journal of Neuropsychophysiology
Year:2021 | Volume:8 | Issue:1|Papers Count:9

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death from non-communicable diseases. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on health anxiety and adherence to treatment in patients who underwent open-heart surgery. Materials and Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population consisted of all patients with heart disease in Tehran in 2019, 45 of whom were divided into experimental and control groups. data were collected using the health anxiety questionnaire and adherence to treatment questionnaire. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance and SPSS software. Results: The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy significantly reduced health anxiety (F=83. 60, P<0. 0001) and increased adherence to treatment (F=271. 32, P<0. 0001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy was effective in increasing adherence to treatment and decreasing health anxiety.

Background: A variety of psychological factors can manipulate the severity of premenstrual syndrome. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the role of music therapy in reducing anxiety and depression in premenstrual syndrome. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest method with a control group. The statistical population of this study included 30 women with the premenstrual syndrome who were referred to Rah-e-Bartar Clinic, Tehran, Iran, in the first six months of 2019. They were then selected voluntarily and assigned randomly in two groups of experimental and control (15 cases per group). Subsequently, the participants were requested to complete Beck's Anxiety Test and Beck's Depression Test before and after the intervention. A researcher-made music-therapy program was used as the therapeutic intervention. The experimental group was then asked to participate in 12 sessions of music therapy each lasted for 45 min (two sessions per week). At the end of the intervention, the experimental group re-completed the tests at the posttest phase, and the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Results: According to the results, after comparing the experimental and control groups at the posttest, the anxiety (Sig=0. 06; F=0. 12) and depression (Sig=0. 09, F=0. 10) scores were obtained greater than 0. 05. Conclusion: It can be concluded that music therapy was effective in reducing the psychological symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, two of the most important of which are anxiety and depression.

Background and Aim: Unresolved and dysfunctional marital conflicts are always accompanied by frustration and daily tensions, leading to ignoring the needs of the couples and declining the quality of their marital relationships. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of satisfactory marriage intervention on marital conflicts and marital frustration. Materials and Methods: The present research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all married men and women with a spouse of 25 years and older in Zanjan, of which 30 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The data were obtained through Sanaei and Barati Marital Conflict Questionnaire and Kayser’ s Marital Frustration Questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics methods such as mean, standard deviation, and inferential statistics by multivariate analysis of covariance and Spss. 22 Software. The Shapiro-Wilkes test was used to test the normality of the covariance analysis test, and the Loon test was used to investigate the homogeneity of the variances. Also, the significance level of the tests was considered to be 0. 05. Results: The results indicated that satisfactory marriage intervention was effective in marital conflicts and marital frustration (p <0. 001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that satisfactory marriage intervention was effective on marital conflicts and marital frustration. Therefore, satisfactory marriage education leads to reducing marital conflicts and marital frustration, which is used to improve the quality of life of couples.

Background: A healthy and balanced relationship between parents and children is one of the factors affecting their mental health. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and parenting styles based on reality therapy in the impulse control, flexibility, and empathy of distressed mothers with adolescents within the age range of 11-16 years in Babol, Mazandaran, Iran. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out with a pre-test and post-test design and experimental and control groups. In this study, all the mothers with adolescents of 11-16 years in Babol were chosen as the studied population in 2019. Moreover, 75 female subjects were selected as a sample using the cluster sampling method and divided into two groups. Data collection tools included the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Impulse Control, Flexibility, and Empathy questionnaires. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS software (version 22). Results: The obtained findings showed that CBT and teaching parenting styles based on reality therapy affected distressed mothers' impulse control (Eta=0. 52; P<0. 0001), flexibility (Eta=0. 31; P<0. 0001), and empathy (Eta=0. 57; P<0. 0001), and the degree of the effect of teaching parenting styles based on reality therapy on the studied variables was higher than that reported for CBT. Conclusion: It can be concluded that CBT and parenting styles based on reality therapy were effective in the impulse control, flexibility, and empathy of distressed mothers with adolescents within the age range of 11-16 years in Babol. Parenting styles based on reality therapy were more effective in distressed mothers' impulse control, flexibility, and empathy than CBT.

Background and objective: Unhealthy eating behavior is one of the four major risk factors for diseases. This study was conducted to model the prediction of eating behavior based on anxiety mediated attachment styles. Materials and Methods: This correlational research was carried out based on a path analysis approach. The statistical population (n=461) included all high school female students in Tehran, Iran, in the school year of 2018-19, who were selected using the cluster sampling method. The required data were collected using the Attachment Styles Questionnaire, Spielberger Anxiety Inventory, and Eating Behavior Questionnaire. The gathered data were analyzed by path analysis based on regression equations in LISREL software (version 8. 80). Results: Based on the findings, secure, ambivalent, and avoidant attachment could influence students' eating behavior both directly and indirectly. It was also revealed that state anxiety (β =0. 24) and trait (β =0. 34) could directly increase unhealthy eating behavior in the samples (β =0. 41). Model fit indices showed that the presented paths could explain the data well. Conclusions: It can be concluded that a secure attachment style reduced unhealthy eating behavior by reducing anxiety. Moreover, avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles increased anxiety and resulted in unhealthy eating behavior.

Background: Attention is considered one of the most critical and higher-order activities of the mind and one of the prime characteristics of cognitive structure playing a significant role in the structure of intelligence, memory, and perception. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of emotional processing styles in the relationship between lateral superiority, circadian rhythm, and sleep quality with attention performance. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was carried out on the undergraduate psychology students (n=2, 300) of Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch, Tehran, Iran, within the 2018-2019 academic year using a stratified random sampling method. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Morningness-Eveningness Scale (Circadian Rhythm Scale), Lateral Superiority Evaluation Checklist, Emotional Processing Scale, and Selective Attention Test were used to collect data. In this study, both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The structural equation modeling and SmartPLS software (version 3. 2. 9) were utilized to investigate the research hypotheses. Results: The obtained results revealed that emotional processing styles played a mediating role in the relationship between circadian rhythms, lateral superiority, and sleep quality with attention performance. Therefore, it can be said that circadian rhythms, lateral superiority, and sleep quality with a coefficient of 35% (P<0. 001; t-value=2. 382) affected attention performance with the presence of the mediating factor of emotional processing styles. Conclusion: It can be concluded that emotional processing styles mediate the relationship between sleep quality, lateral superiority, and circadian rhythms with attentional function.

Background and Objectives: Diabetes is one of the most rampant chronic diseases that is accompanied by numerous psychological problems. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) and attachment-based compassion therapy (ABCT) on blood glucose level and medication adherence in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest and posttest design. At first, using the available voluntary sampling method, a number of 45 individuals were selected from 300 diabetic patients referred to Alborz Diabetes Association, Alborz, Iran. They were randomly divided into two experimental and one control groups. At the outset, in addition to the hemoglobin (Hb) A1c blood test, they completed a medication adherence questionnaire. Afterward, the first experimental group participated in eight two-h sessions of the compassionate therapy training course, and the second experimental group participated in 10 90-min sessions of the ABCT training course. All three groups received standard treatment for diabetic patients. At the end of the treatment, the HbA1c levels of blood in all three groups were re-evaluated, and again all patients completed the medication adherence questionnaire at the post-test stage. It should be mentioned that the collected data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance. Results: Based on the results, CFT and ABCT could reduce blood glucose level (HbA1c) (F=5. 13, P<0. 008, Eta= 0. 20) and increase medication adherence (F=2. 82, P<0. 035, Eta= 0. 12) in both of the experimental groups. Conclusion: The CFT and ABCT can be effective in improving medication adherence and blood glucose control (HbA1c) in diabetic patients. Therefore, it is suggested to provide such training together with other medical interventions as part of comprehensive therapy of diabetes.

Introduction: Overeating and anorexia are both abnormalities in people's nutrition and diet, each of which with a number of risks. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the psychological interventions of schema therapy and behavioral model-based regimen on emotional adjustment, body image, and weight loss among obese individuals with nervous overeating. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 30 obese people with eating disorders referring to nutrition clinics in Rasht, Iran. The statistical population of this study (n=30) was selected using the available sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. The control group received no treatment. Data were collected using Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short Form, Young Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire-Short Form, and Body Mass Index. The data were gathered before and after the intervention and analyzed by covariance test. Results: Although both interventions resulted in reduced emotional eating and weight loss in obese individuals, the behavioral model-based intervention was more effective in this regard. Moreover, regimens based on the behavioral model and emotion regulation method led to maintaining appropriate weight in obese people in the long run. Conclusion: These findings were consistent with the results obtained from various studies. Behavioral model-based diet regimen, compared to the emotion regulation method, led to weight loss and reduced emotional eating by influencing the underlying psychological factors contributing to obesity.

Introduction and Objectives: Appropriate relationships in society are shaped based on healthy and intimate rapports in families. Divorce is regarded as one of the most important sources of damage to families and marriages. This study aimed to design and test a model to investigate the effect of moral intelligence and early maladaptive schemas on emotional divorce considering the mediating role of marital burnout in women referring to psychological centers in Ahvaz, Iran. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study included all the women referring to psychological centers in Ahvaz, Iran, during 2019. In total, 264 individuals were selected using the convenience sampling method. The data were collected using an emotional divorce questionnaire, moral intelligence scale, early maladaptive schemas, and marital burnout questionnaire. Furthermore, the proposed model was evaluated using a path analysis method. A bootstrap test was utilized to test the indirect relationships. Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis through AMOS software were employed to examine the relationships among the variables. Results: The results of this study showed the significance of all direct paths of the early maladaptive schemas with emotional divorce. Indirect pathways were also significant through marital burnout with emotional divorce (P<0. 001). Conclusion: The proposed model indicated an acceptable fit level and was regarded as an important step in recognizing the effective factors in the emotional divorce of women. Moreover, it can be useful as a model to develop stress management programs and control increased emotional divorce among women.