WOMAN & STUDY OF FAMILY
Year:2015 | Volume:8 | Issue:29|Papers Count:9

The aim of the present study was to Compare the employed and non - employed mothers' parenting stress at different stages of the life cycle, because parenting is difficult and stressful time for parents. The population of the study included all of the married women who have been employed at Universites of Shahid Beheshti and Sharif as well as all married housewives of Tehran who have been at three stages of family life cycle. The sample was selected through the convenience sampling from among both groups of employed and unemployed women. including 158 and 148 respectively. Subjects were measured using the Parental Stress Scale Berry and Jones (1995). For data analysis some descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and T-test and one-way and two - way ANOVA were used Findings showed higher parental stress in working women than housewives and it was also high in those having two young children and teenagers compared to the middle stage of life in both groups. Thus, employment parenting and in other words the role ambivalence can impose more mental stress on mothers.

This Novel deals with human experience with imagination ,and it is expressed through the sequence of events, in which a group of characters are involved in a particular scene. Despite new developments in contemporary novels, the traces of patriarchy and women caught up in violence clearly can be seen. This article examines violence against women in the novel of Parichehr by Morteza Moaddab Pour enjoying the theories of feminist literary criticism. Techniques used in this research are content analysis. The results of the study, shows that violence plays an important role in the novel and it appears in various forms (visible and hidden) and defeats women. Most of the violence used in this novel is the hidden psychological violence and economic dimension of the hidden violence and then violence is evident. The Character for whom the most violence has been applied is the character of Parichehr. Finally, it can be concluded that the novel reflects the patriarchal structure, gender oppression, violence, oppression and humiliation of women, in two different generations.

This study has investigated the effectiveness of training of reversal theory on creativity Statical population includes female students of secondary schools in Urmia. This research is quasi-experimental that consist a sample of 30 students. Students have been studied in two experimental and control groups (each 15 person). In this research, Torrens creativity Questionnaire (CRr) was used. Covariance analysis Test was applied to analyze data. The results showed that training of reversal theory has an impact on the creativity, fluency, originality, flexibility, and elaboration. Training of reversal theory can be used for improving creativity.

The aim of this research was to determine the relationships between familial-indivitual factor & mate selection Preferences with marital satisfaction of dual-career couples in the Delfan education organization. The sample of the research include 238 subjects (119 couple) and, in order to investigate the relationships carefully, an exhaustive sampling has been used, and all the statistical society were studied. Three questionnaires of Enrich, familial-indivitual information and mate selection Preferences have been used for collecting data. In addition to methods of descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficient, spearman correlation coefficient, t.test, one-way ANOWA, Sheffe follow up tests have been used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that the familial-indivitual factor, monthly income and history of divorce had a positive relationship with marital satisfaction and factors such as number of children and duration of marriage have significance negative relationship with marital satisfaction. Furthermore, there was no relationship between other factors such as the level of education, age of marriage, the age-difference between wives and husbands, the kind of marriage, and marital satisfaction. Also the results showed that there was a significant releationship between the mate selection Preferences and marital satisfaction. Considering the low level of marital satisfaction in dual-career couples, more attention to familial-indivitual factors seems necessary. Also, due to higher marital satisfaction, family satisfaction in dating and mate selection Preferences, this method is recommended in choosing a spouse.

One of the principles of modern management, is due to the principle of customer focus and customer satisfaction. The aim of this study was to measure the satisfaction of women attending public leisure spaces in Historical and old places with an emphasis on New Urbanism in Kermanshah. The methodology was a survey one and a questionnaire was used to collect data. In this study, the sampling was done first through two cluster Sampling then random method. The sample size for this study was 384. Initially the general satisfaction of the public space for leisure city of Kermanshah, dissemination of information satisfaction, trust, employees behavior space and the physical space and the equipments was examined. Finally, an explanation of the research shows that there is no significant difference "between the expectations and perceptions of public space and leisure visitors to the city of Kermanshah in terms of quality. And the relationship between the components of service quality public spaces and leisurevisitor's satisfaction was not confirmed. According to the correlation coefficients the positive relationship between the components of the study and satisfaction and the positive effect on the satisfaction of these components was confirmed. Effects model regression coefficients were obtained for each component, represents an appropriate and significant coefficients of the regression model.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of emotion regulation approach on reducing women's anxiety. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test. post. test. The population included all women in Isfahan in 1015. A sample of 40 participants from among women who feel anxious and volunteered were selected and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group were taught for 10 weeks. The Beck Anxiety Inventory was used to measure participants' anxiety. Results were analyzed using analysis of covariance. It was concluded that training of emotion regulation approach is effective in reducing anxiety in women. Thus, the education of emotion regulation approach can be used to reduce anxiety in women.

The purpose of this study was to compare the obsessive beliefs and personality traits of female teachers with high and low burnout. This research was descriptive and causal-comparative. The study population consisted of female teachers with high and low burnout. From this population 100 people were selected with a stratified random sampling method using estimated Morgan. To collect data the Maslash burnout, the Makcri and costa's personality traits and the obsessive beliefs questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the teachers with high and low burnout regarding their obsessive beliefs and its companents. There are also significant differences among the characteristics of neurosis, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and flexibility in the teachers with high and low burnout (P<0.001).

The purpose of the present research was to compare the sexual satisfaction, marital commitment, marital intimacy and body image among employed married women in governmental banks and housewives. Research design was causal-comparative and statistical population included married women employed in the banks and the housewives who has benefited from facilities and services of women's gardens. The sample size consists of 680 people, 290 employed and 390 housewives which were chosen using convenience sampling method. In this research a set of questionnaires consisting of sexual satisfaction (Hudson,1981), marital commitment (Adams & Jones, 1997), marital intimacy (Bagarozzi, 2001) and body image (Littleton, 2005) were used. Data were analyzed by using of T-test for independent groups. The results showed that there were significant difference between the sexual satisfaction, marital commitment, marital intimacy and body image of employed women and housewives (P<0.01). Meaning that, employed women have reported better results in four variables.