International Archives of Health Sciences
Year:2019 | Volume:6 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

Aims: The purpose of this study was to modeling and designing indices of talent identification (TID) in the field of basketball based on physical‑ motor, psychological, anthropometric, and physiological parameters. Materials and Methods: The research method was qualitative (grounded theory) that was done on the field by interpretive analysis of deep interviews, including 21 experts in; TID (among professional clubs), basketball coaches (among premier league), and university professors (among professors of Tehran University, Shahid Beheshti University, and Kharazmi University). The validity of the interviews was confirmed by verifying the views of experts in the final results, and the reliability of the interviews was also confirmed through process audits and intrasubject agreement of two coders (84%). The analysis of interviews was done through interpretive analysis technique using open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Results: As a result of the analysis of the interviews, 10 categories, 30 subcategories, and 101 key concepts were extracted. After axial and selective coding of the categories, a paradigm model was presented for TID in basketball. Conclusions: Finally, further explanations and suggestions are provided for each of the categories.

Aims: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are common in worldwide and lead to a dramatic rise in mortality. Excess consumption of sugar due to dietary changes can lead to arising calorie intake that contributes to weight gain, adiposity, and NCDs. Taxes, subsidies, and other economic executive policy have a key role in discouraging the consumption of unhealthy food. This study was aimed at a systematic review of recent research evidence about the tax impacts on the purchase and consumption of sugar‑ sweetened beverages (SSBs). Materials and Methods: Five databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, CENTERAL, and EMBASE, were systematically searched from 2000 to May 2017. Results: Seven studies were included in this review. In six of the seven experimental studies reviewed demonstrated that consumers can be responsive to changes in food and drink prices. Taxing SSBs effectively could decrease food purchases, increasing SSBs price, and reducing consumption. Reducing the consumption of these beverages results in reduced overweight, obesity, and body mass index among populations. Conclusion: The current evidence base appears to converge and suggests that the fiscal strategy is likely to reduce purchases of high sugar products at least in the short term and likely can lead to decreasing calorie intake.

Aim: This study aims to review the current literature and to focus on etiopathogenesis, clinical profile, diagnosis, and treatment of extranodal nasofacial natural killer (NK)/T‑ cell lymphoma. Materials and Methods: It is based upon the available literatures from PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar with the keywords: etiopathogenesis, clinical pictures, diagnostic methods, and current treatment of extranodal nasofacial NK/T‑ cell lymphoma from 2002 to 2017. Results: Primary nasofacial lymphoma is a rare form of malignancy in head and neck area. Extranodal nasofacial NK/T‑ cell lymphoma is an unusual clinical entity, which is an aggressive entity of non‑ Hodgkin’ s lymphoma with distinct clinicopathological pictures. It is possibly associated with Epstein– Barr virus infection. It is highly aggressive disease with poor prognosis. Nasofacial NK/T‑ cell lymphoma or lethal midline granuloma is often associated with destruction of midface and surrounding areas such as orbit, paranasal sinuses, and palate. The clinical picture is highly variable, often missed by clinician and depends on location and histopathological type of the lesion. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry are important tools for diagnosis of nasofacial NK/T‑ cell lymphoma. Histopathological picture shows angiocentric and angiodestructive pattern of tumor cells which often mimic vasculitis. Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice which improves quality and longevity of life whereas addition of chemotherapy gives additional benefit to the patients. Conclusion: Practicing physicians and otorhinolaryngologist need to be aware of this nonspecific presentation of lesion to prevent delay in diagnosis. Early diagnosis and intervention prolongs the survival of the patients.

Background: Paying attention to Children’ s evolutionary status help to improve their mental capacity and make them more intelligent and creative adults. The present study aimed to investigate the developmental status in 4– 60‑ month‑ old children of Kashan and Aran‑ Bidgol and its related factors in 2016– 2017. Methods: This descriptive cross‑ sectional study was performed on 656 children aged 4– 60 months in Kashan and Aran‑ Bidgol that were recruited by a stratified random sampling method. Data were collected through self‑ report using Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) and demographic and clinical questionnaire. The ASQ consists of 30 questions in five domains including communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem‑ solving, and personal‑ social skills. The inter‑ rater agreement coefficient of 93%, the Cronbach’ s alpha coefficient of 0. 51– 0. 87, and the 2‑ week test– retest correlation of 0. 75 are reported for this questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as Chi‑ square, ANOVA, and t‑ test. The significance level was considered <0. 05. Results: The results showed that 527 (80. 3%) of the 656 children were healthy, and the rest had a disorder at least in one of the developmental domains, including 1. 5% disorders in communication skills, 6. 2% in gross motor, 1. 2% in fine motor skills, 1. 2% in problem‑ solving, and 0. 9% in the personal‑ social area. There was a significant relationship between developmental disorders with the child’ s gender and birth weight. Among maternal characteristics, there was a significant relationship between the mother’ s job and age with developmental delay. Conclusion: Despite the normal evolution in most children of Kashan and Aran‑ Bidgol, a significant number of them had a disorder at least in one of the evolutionary domains. It is essential to sensitize the families about the developmental process of their children and encourage them to alleviate the risk factors to prevent early complications of these disorders in the future.

Aims: Research suggests that burnout levels have always been higher in the health‑ care populations and the nurses were at high risk too. It can increase staff turnover and reduce the quality of care. Hence, this study was performed with the purpose of evaluating the rate of professional burnout in the nurses of Beheshti hospital’ s staff. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised 230 nurses of the Beheshti hospital of Medical Sciences using sampling in 2014. Maslach Burnout Inventory and staff demographic characteristics questionnaire were used in this study. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software, Pearson’ s independent, Fisher’ s exact test, ANOVA, and Chi‑ square test. Results: Most of the participants were in mild‑ to‑ moderate levels of exhaustion. they had mild level until severe in depersonalization, and mild in reduced personal accomplishment. however, burnout was higher in women. Health‑ care staff nurses had a higher level of job burnout than that of administrative staffs (P < 0. 001). Conclusions: The findings suggest the research focused could yield important advances in understanding burnout in this group and yield potential interventions to buffer burnout and its consequences.

Aims: Evaluating different methods of profound learning and efficient memorizing is a vital solution for medical science students because of the importance of this science. The present study overviews the comparison between the traditional instructing and the class conference methods. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 50 students of Kashan in 2016 and 2017 selected by available sampling method. For the first group (25 students), instructing was performed via traditional lecture, and the second (25 students) experienced class conference approach. At the end of each semester, the satisfaction questionnaire assessment and knowledge of the students distributed among the subjects and filled out, then analyzed by SPSS 16 software. Results: The mean scores obtained from traditional lecture and class conference approaches were 95 with 4. 2 ± 0. 41 and 96 with 4. 44 ± 0. 36, respectively (T = 0. 6, P = 0. 06), which demonstrated no significant difference. Furthermore, the students’ satisfaction level of lecture and conference was measured as 3. 87 ± 0. 41 and 4. 58 ± 0. 25, respectively, which revealed a significant difference (P = 0. 04). Conclusion: Although the two instructing approaches used in this study did not considerably affect the final scores of the students, and no statistically significant difference was observed among the students for the two methods, class conference could mostly draw attention of the students. Therefore, extended research on applying student‑ based rather than instructor‑ based approaches is suggested.

Aims: This study aimed at presenting a model for addiction potential based on developmental assets mediating by alexithymia in adolescents living in Arak, Iran. Materials and Methods: Five hundred members were selected as samples (n = 500) among female and male second‑ grade high school students at the tenth and eleventh academic grades in Arak using cluster random sampling. To collect data, Iranian Addiction Potential Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale and Developmental Assets Profile were used. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling and LISREL Software. Results: Model fit indices had suitable model fit with data. Internal developmental assets with path coefficient of B = − 0. 48 were more effective in reducing addiction potential compared with external developmental assets with path coefficient of B = − 0. 27. Positive identity, empowerment, and social competency were the most effective components of developmental assets in reducing addiction potential. Internal assets could explain addiction potential in adolescence more than external assets. Conclusion: Direct effect of developmental assets on addiction potential was confirmed and its indirect effect with mediation of alexithymia was significant. Moreover, results showed that only internal developmental asset had an effect on addiction potential in adolescents mediating by alexithymia, so the effect of external developmental asset on addiction potential in adolescents based on the mediation of alexithymia was rejected.

Aim: Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is one of the third‑ generation behavioral therapies in which it is attempted to increase the psychological relationship of an individual with his or her thoughts and feelings instead of changing cognition. The purpose of this study was the effectiveness of ACT on conflict resolution styles of incompatible marital women. Methods: This is a semi‑ experimental, pretest and posttest design and a 3‑ month follow‑ up. The statistical population of the study consisted of all incompatible women who referred to counseling centers in Arak in 2018. Therefore, 24 participants were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to one test groups and one control group of 12 participants for each. Data were collected in the pretest, posttest and follow‑ up stages with (the Conflict Resolution Styles Scale or Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory‑ II). The test group received a therapeutic intervention based on ACT for twelve 90‑ min sessions, but no therapy was provided for the control group. After the completion of treatment sessions, both groups were subjected to posttest. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post‑ hoc test. Results: The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the posttest scores of the test group compared with that of the control group (P < 0. 05), and the difference was suitably sustainable during the time. Conclusion: ACT is considered as an effective intervention in improving conflict resolution styles.