WOMAN & STUDY OF FAMILY
Year:2009 | Volume:1 | Issue:4|Papers Count:10

The aim of this study is to examine the rate of postpartum depression in working women and housewives and the relation between postpartum depression and social support and marital adjustment. For this purpose, we used multi-stage random-cluster sampling to choose 300 persons out of the pregnant clients referring to Tabriz clinics. They completed Beck’s depression questionnaire, Spanir’s marital adjustment questionnaire, and Philips’ social support questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient, step-by-step regression and independent sample t-test. The results showed that 28% of women had postpartum depression and the mean of depression marks was high among the housewives. The results also showed that 52 percent of postpartum depression variance is explained by marital adjustment and social support.

The present Research studies the realationship between perfectionism and self-esteem in anxious, depressed, and normal women. For this purpose, 150 depressed, anxious‚and normal women referring to the counseling centers and psychiatry clinics of Rasht were selected by available sampling and were tested by Perfectionism questionnaire of Trishort and Self-esteem questionnaire of Nogent and Thomas.The results showed that there is a meaningful relation between self-esteem and perfectionism in anxious women (r=0.47, p<0.01).Also.there is a meaningful relationship between perfectionism and self-esteem in normal women (r=0.28, p<0.044). However, there is not a significant relationship between perfectionism and selfesteem in depressed women. The result of variance analysis indicated that there is not a meaningful difference between the perfectionism of depressed, anxious, and normal women, but there is a significant difference between the self-esteem of depressed, anxious, and normal women.

This research aims to show the relation between the three styles of child rearing of mothers and the probability of having the oppositional defiant disorder of their children. The research was of a retrospective type in which the random sampling (integrating stratified and cluster) was used. The sample used in this research included the boy students of the second grade in elementary schools of Tabriz and their mothers. To do this, after specifying the mothers' child rearing styles by screening method on 30 mothers, in each of the three style, of child rearing and on their children, Baumrind questionnaire about the styles of child rearing and CSI-4 questionnaire were applied. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance test and LSD test. The results showed that among the 3 types of mothers' child rearing‚ the style of permissive child rearing had a very important role in the children’s oppositional defiant disorder.

The present reaserch aims to study the relationship of the general health and remarriage of shahed students’ mothers with the normal and abnormal personality features of shahed students in comparison with those of normal students. The research method is applied-descriptive. The statistical population includes 110 shahed students aged 20-30, 110 mothers of shahed students, 110 normal students within the same age range, and 110 mothers of normal students, totaling 440 subjects who were selected by multi-stage random sampling from among the students of Payamnoor and Islamic Azad Universities of Bokan, Urumieh, Mahabad, and Naghadeh. In order to collect data, three slandand tests – mental disorder test (scl-90)‚ Isink personality test, general health test (GHQ), and a researcher – devised questionnaire were used. The findings were analyzed using Spss software. The results showed that there is not a significant difference between the mental disorders of shahed and ordinary students. The variable of the general health of shahed students mothers can predict shahed students’ mental disorder (p=0.001)

The purpose of the peresent research is to study the rate of educated women’s tendency toward organizational achievement and to determine the sociological factors related to it.The research is a survey. The statistical population consists of all the educated women including the teachers, managers, and other women staff of the Education Administration of Mazandaran Province at high school level, totalling1773. The sample size was 600, obtained from Kerejci and Morgan’s Table, using cluster sampling technique. In order to collect data, a questionnaire was used. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. In order to analyze the data, two statistical methods (descriptive and inferential) were used. The results showed the following:1) There isn’t a significant relationship between conformity and educated women's tenency towards organizational achievement.2) There isn’t a significant relationship between social stereotypes and educated women's tendency towards organizational achievement.3) The contribution share of either social factor (conformity and social stereotypes) is different.4) There isn’t any difference between the two groups of women (with high and low tendency towards organizational achievement) regarding the mentioned variables.Discussion and conclusion: The results of the research indicated that women have a high tendency towards organizational achievement. Therefore, it is suggested that more opportunities be offered to women, conditions for their further participation be created, and meritocracy, rather than gender, be the criterion for appointments.

The present research examines the relationship between mothers’ employment and primary school girls’ adaplation. The statistical population consists of 7910 girl students of Tabriz primary schools‚and the research sample includes 384‚ obtained by using multi-step randow sampling.The research method is correlational. Two questionnaires have been used in order to determine mothers' employment and the girls’ adaptation.In order to confirm or reject the hypotheses, the statistical techniques of T-Test and One-way and two-way variance Analysis have been used. The results indicate that there is a meaningful relationship between the mothers’ employment and the girls’adaptation. There is not a meaningful relationship between the mothers’ educational level and the girls’ adaptation.And there is a meaningful relationship between the mothers’ job satisfaction and the girls’ adaptation.

The importance and necessity of men's participation in family planning programs is defined according to their different roles in the family, such as household supervisor, father, sexual partner, etc. Accordingly, it can be said that family planning program success depends directly on men's attitude and function in this regard.This research was carried out to examine men's attitude toward their participation in family planning programs as well as to investigate the relationship between socio-cultural factors and the attitude toward participation. This study was a survey research and was done using questionnaire on 383 participants, who were all married men aged 25-50 of marvdasht. This research was based on the theoretical framework of Talcot Parson's Social Action Theroy.The findings of the study in the descriptive part indicate that 18.5 percent of the men had a negative attitude toward participating in family planning programs, while 64.8 percent of them had a moderate attitude and 16.7 percent of them had a positive attitude toward participation in these programs.Based on the findings of the study in the inferential part, there was a significant difference between the variables of the machismosexism, fear of the side effects ofusing contraceptive drugs, the occupation of men, and the family size, and attitude towards participation in family planning programs. It is noteworthy that the finding of the research show a significant correlation between the variable of machisomosexism and men's attitude toward participation in family planning programs.

In the Iranian society, religion and the quality of people`s religiosity are seriously mixed with the other social areas, and the problems regarding the interaction of Modern and Islamic views in the people`s individual and social lives are of great importance. In this regard, expressing views on the do’s and don'ts of women's life, because of their important role in the family institution and in bringing up the future generation, is of interest to and challenged by both views. Thus, the scientific investigation of the relationship between women’s modernist tendencies and their religiosity, and the result of this investigation will have a valuable effect on understanding the present situation of the society and will represent the new areas of research concerning family issues, future generation etc. Accordingly, the present article investigates the effect of modernity on the religiosity of the young girls of 20- 29 years of age from the three regions-1, 6, 19- of Tehran. The reason for choosing Tehran is that the cultural and social features of this metropolitan city and its specific demographic and communicative characteristics predispose its residents to modernist tendencies more than others. The research is based on Webber`s sociology of religion theory and Inglehart `s existential security theory. Based on Glack and Stark’s religiosity evaluation model, five dimensions- Ideological, Emotional, Consequential, Ritualistic and Awareness-have been considered to evaluate religiosity. Also, according to individual modernity evaluation indices in Inkeles and Smith’s model, seven dimensions of scientific orientation, Universalistic orientation, Egalitarian orientation, Independence orientation Achievement orientation, Civic orientation and Democratic orientation were considered for the measurement of modernity. In order to carry out the research, the survey method and a questionnair was used. considering the population size of the three regions (with regard to gender distinction) and De Vaw`s estimate in 20-60 percent gap and in 5% significance level, the sampel size of every region was determined. Based on this, the sampel size in Rigion 1 is 55, in Region 6 is 49, and in Region 19 is 41 people, 138 people in total, who were selected by using multi-stage Cluster Sampling and completed the questionnaire. The results of correlation tests within the whole sample showed that different dimensions of modernity have different relationships with religiosity and its dimensions. According to the findings, with the increase in the young girl's scientific orientation, Egalitarian orientation, Independence orientation, and Democratic orientation, their religious beliefs decrease. Also, with the increase in the young girls' Universalistic orientation, their religiosity increases. Hawever, there is not a significant difference between the girls’Achievement orientation and Civic orientation, and their religiosity. On the whole, the results showed that with the increase in modernity, the rate of people`s religiosity in the Consequential and Ritualistic dimensions decreases.