Researches in Earth Sciences
Year:2017 | Volume:8 | Issue:3|Papers Count:12

Topography of Tehran, density and height of buildings, traffic, width and direction of the passages with the climate, play a major role in the accumulation of pollutants. One of atmospheric parameters in the dispersion of air pollutants in Tehran decisive is the wind. In this research, the behavior of the wind in the current situation has been investigated using descriptive-analytical and cross-comparison and simulation techniques by software Matt ENVI, which is a software to analyse the climate. Collecting data was through library and field studies. The results show that in the north-south streets (parallel to the prevailing wind direction), the majority of septic streets has increased wind speed. This results in the emission of these streets. In streets that are perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction (east-west streets), the effect of altitude and the proximity of buildings to each other, in addition to the change of direction and wind speed, will causes the published accumulation of pollutants on the street. Based on the results obtained from this study, north-south streets, especially Besat Street in the neighborhood of Saadat Abad, has the highest wind speed. One of the main reasons for the increase of wind speed on this street can be channeled and its width. High wind speeds on this street has an inverse relationship to the amount of carbon dioxide released. So that the least amount of carbon monoxide was found in the street.

Urban eroded over time and changes in spatial patterns of construction, has a lot of problems in terms of physical, economic and social for life have became today. on this basis optimal strategy for rehabilitation and Renewal of these textures is of great importance in planning and urban management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction of local residents Asadi and Safa neighborhoods in Region 13 of Tehran after the Renewal process is the quality of the urban environment. The research method is descriptive and analytical and survey. statistical population in this study are residents of the neighborhood Asadi and Safa with use of Cochran formula aboute 320 samples were selected and questionnaire distributed between them. Indexes research with looking at subjective quality of life in 6 dimension social, security, economic, physical, environmental, and aesthetic access to classified and analyzed to the SPSS software with using the one-sample T-test, Kendall and Pearson correlation. research results indicate that the citizens of the index examined complained relative to the Indexes aesthetic, physical and security. the highest satisfaction level of access to the and lowest level of satisfaction belong to the physical. the results of Pearson correlation is indicative of the fact that between the individual characteristics of residents and satisfaction parameters environmental quality, there is no relationship.

Due to the high heat capacity of the seas, there is a significant effect on land areas climate fluctuations. The impact of sea surface temperature (SST) on the amount of rainfall was not limited to the coasts and also affect regions far from the sea. So recognize the correlation between SST and precipitation will have a significant role in predicting drought and wet areas that are affected by fluctuations in SST.In this study, Relationship monthly fluctuations Mediterranean sea surface temperature With fluctuations monthly precipitation northwest Iran (Includes six provinces, West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Zanjan, Kermanshah, Hamedan) were studied. For this purpose, after determine the Colder and warmer periods Monthly temperature of the water level of the Mediterranean Compared to normal temperature, during the 33-year-old (1982-2014), The correlation coefficient between Monthly temperature water level and monthly precipitation was obtained in each province. In periods when there was a significant relationship between water temperature and precipitation, The rate of increase / decrease in precipitation under the influence of temperature fluctuations were studied. The results showed the effect of water temperature on regional precipitation variation, Is different in time and location and the precipitation spring show the highest correlation with water temperature. In the months of autumn, the sea water temperature was colder than usual and precipitation and water temperature has a significant relationship, precipitation is reduced. But was not observed Significant relationship between warmer than usual water temperatures and fluctuating precipitation. in winter In most cases, the water temperature was colder than usual and Have a high correlation with precipitation, Increased rainfall has caused and In no previous period there was no Significant relationship between the warmer than normal water temperatures and Fluctuation of precipitation this season. Also there is a significant Relationship between cooler than normal water temperatures in the winter months and Reducing precipitation in the spring. In the spring only in april warmer than usual water temperatures On the whole the sea with a significant level of more than 96%, increased precipitation caused In the entire study area and in other cases, warmer than usual water temperatures with decreasing precipitation and it is colder than usual Has been associated with increased precipitation. it should be noted results of this study show a causal relationship and To justify this relationship need to examine atmosphere is dynamic and synoptic.

Accurate prediction of the rainfall plays a key role in effective water resources management,, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Achieving reliable and accurate precipitation forecasts is one of today's challenging issues in water resources management and climate hazards. Even though the great deal of research has been conduted on application of computational intelligence models for climatic forecasting, but selecting the best combination of inputs to such models, modellers have faced with problems. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of input variables preprocessing in choosing the best combination of variables affecting on precipitation process, for forecasting monthly rainfall by using two data-driven modeling techniques including Support Vector Regresion (SVR) and Gene Expression Programming (GEP). For this purpose, Gamma Test and correlation Test were used to preprocess the inputs of the models used in this research under a case study with monthly climate data related with Shiraz Synoptic station over 1982-2011.The performance of these models was evaluated by statistical criteria of R2, RMSE and NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient). The results showed that SVR model combined with Gamma Test forecasts monthly rainfall better than other models used ib this study. But Gamma Test was not able to improve performance of Gene Expression Programme model the same as SVR model. Also, based on the obtained results, sun hours, relative humidity, rainfall in a previous month and temperature, respectively, are most significant variables in monthly rainfall forecasting.

The article focuses on Rethinking in the concepts related to Growth processes and forms of residential in metropolitan areas. This study is a descriptive-analytical study. On the other hand, it is an exploratory study. The data have been collected by attributive studies. In this way, some of the most important concepts have been discussed and similarities and differences between the concepts have been identified. The results showed that Studies the city and around have been moved to the mutual link of city and village rather than conflict between these. Also, sometimes peri-urban areas are known as urban areas with rural characteristics, another time as chaotic urbanization is leading to sprawl or are entitled interface. In accordance with the conditions and the situation of iran it seems can be called “neither urban and nor rural areas”. Exurban is Product of urbanization in developed countries, So that urban fringe are moving to the edge-city along with administrative structure. Also, attention to the macro, medial and micro levels is more suitable for analysis the Process of counter-urbanisation. In this paper, we concluded that examining and classify the city and surrounding areas in terms of physical components is an inadequate measure and should be along with functional criteria and specially city and village links (migration, capital, information, trade, etc) be completed.

The Senj Cu-Mo deposit is located in the central part of the Alborz Magmatic Arc (AMA), northern Alborz province (Karaj). Geology of the Senj area composed of mafic to intermediate Tertiary intrusive rocks and various types of volcaniclastic rocks. The early stage volcaniclastic rocks of Karaj Formation were intruded by the Oligocene Karaj Dam basement sill (composed of monzogabbro, monzodiorite and diorite) and Cu-Mo (±Ag and Au) mineralization occurred in contact of this rocks. Ore minerals such as sulfides (chalcopyrite, bornite, molybdenite, and pyrite), oxides (magnetite and hematite), and carbonates (malachite and azurite) are the main mineralogical paragenesis in the area. Stockwork quartz-sulfide mineralization as the richest part of ore body have average grade of 3.0 wt% Cu and 0.2 wt% Mo occur in porphyritic tuff host rock with potassic-phyllic alteration. The disseminated mineralization consist of chalcopyrite and molybdenite disseminated minerals with average grade of 1.8 wt% Cu and 0.1 wt% Mo occur in the porphyritic andesite tuff and intermediate argillic alteration. The supergene enrichment zone with limited exposure is composed of oxide-hydroxide upper ore with low grade Cu mineralization and sulfidation replacement lower ore zone with highest grade of 2.8 wt% Cu. The magnetite-biotite (K-silicate), potassic-phyllic (K-feldsapr-biotite-sericite-quartz±pyrite), intermediate argillic (kaolinite-illite±quartz±calcite) and propylitic (epidote-chlorite-laumontite-calcite±pyrite) are the main alteration assemblages related to mineral deposit. Based on geochemistry of alteration assemblages, the highest concentration of Cu and Mo mineralized elements occurred in the potassic-phyllic alteration and the intermediate argillic alteration and propylitic alteration have lower ore grade.

Khunik Duplexes located at 18 kilometers south of the city of Qayen and terms of tectonic located in the northern part of Sistan suture zone. Khunik duplex performance in a strike-slip fault with a length of 6 km and a geometric mechanism N150.73NE and Reak24NW formed. Based on the perceptions and learn measure used, duplex of Khunik of three horses (Horse) formed from the northeast to the southwest on each pushed (due to shrinkage young horses). Interpretations of existing faults around and on duplex (N51.13) and folds around the duplex (N36.1), to stress the duplex, which represents a regional NE-SW West. Folds study area have thrust to the North East that is consistent with the thrust duplex Khunik (according to the hinterland and foreland and orientation are duplex). The shortening rate based on parameters the amount of 57% (196.5 m) on the duplex of Khunik shows a better correlation with the value obtained from laboratory modeling. According to data obtained from the model break back duplex Khunik follow.

Haftsandoq prospect index is located in 25 km northwest of Takestan city, within Tarom-Sofla Tertiary metallogenic belt. Intrusion of granodiorite to monzonite igneous bodies into the Eocene volcanic/ pyroclastic complexes caused widespread hydrothermal alteration associated with the copper, lead and silver ore mineralization. During supergene alteration the secondary minerals such as oxide/hydroxides (hematite, goethite), sulfides (coverlet), sulfates (anglesite) and carbonates (malachite and azurite) were developed within oxidized zone. The purpose of this study is identifying the possible anomalies of Cu, Ag, Pb, As, Cd, Au in this prospect area. Accordingly, 99 lithic samples taken from a systematic litho-geochemical network were analyzed with ICP-MS method. These results were used to specifying of high mineralization potential districts based on non-structural (correlation, cluster analysis, factor analysis) and structural (fractal charts cutie - area) analyses methods. Consequently, the results of structural (multi-fractal) analyses in comparison of non-structural methods lead to identify three elemental anomalies of copper, silver and lead. The copper with 4 stages enrichment shows grade 2 and/or 3 anomalies in entire area except for NW. Ag with 3 stages enrichment shows grade 2 anomaly in NW part of district and Pb with 3 stages enrichment shows grade 3 anomaly in SW part of Haftsandoq district.

In this study, biostratigraphy and palaebathymetry Gurpi Formation in section Anticlin Sultan were studied. The thickness of Gurpi Formation in this section is 270 meters and its main lithology includes Marl, Limy Marl, Limestone and Shale. In this section Lower boundary of Gurpi Formation is transition with Ilam Formation, and its upper boundary with Amiran Formation is unconformably. Here, on the basis of foraminiferal studies, 45 species belonging to 20 genera of planktonic foraminifera and Benthic were identified. Based on the stratigraphic distribution of the well-known foraminifers, seven foraminiferal biozones were established in the Gurpi Formation including Globotruncana elevata zone, Globotruncana ventricosa Zone, Radotruncana calcarata Zone, Globotruncanella havanensis Zone, Globotruncana aegyptiaca Zone, Gansserina gansseri Zone, Contusotruncana contusa Zone. The age of Gurpi Formation in this examined is determined based on identified biozones of Early Campanian to Late Maastrichtian. A depth of 500- 650 m was assigned for most parts of the sediments Gurpi Formatan was assigned ccording to planktonic/epibenthic ratio and Percentage Morphotype 3 and the regression equation D=e (3.58718 (0.03534´%P)).

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) has addressed recently as part of the hydrologic cycle by which solutes and other pollutants travel from terrestrial areas toward the coastal waters. 222Rn as a naturally occurring geochemical radioisotope tracer can be applied for indirect regional SGD studies. This study aims to estimate the net SGD volume toward the northern coastline of the Yatsushiro Sea, south Japan, using the 222Rn method. For this, areas with high SGD potential calculated. Then, seawater 222Rn concentration time series recorded in selected points to evaluate the SGD temporal fluctuations and it’s correlation with tidal cycles. Also, corrections conducted over the 222Rn time series to remove the 222Rn noise originated from the rivers discharging into the bay. The results applied to simulate the seawater 222Rn concentration and to estimate the SGD rate in the study area. Finally, the spatial and temporal 222Rn analysis results combined to estimate the SGD net volume. The results show that the SGD volume in the study area is about 0.92×106 m3 day-1.