Hormozgan Medical Journal
Year:2020 | Volume:24 | Issue:3|Papers Count:9

Background: Cardiovascular risk is reduced by weight loss and exercise, but their relative effects and independent significance are unclear. Objectives: The effect of weight loss and the implementation of an exercise strategy on the lipid panel of overweight middle-aged men, who lead a sedentary lifestyle, was investigated. Methods: Eighty four men participated in this 12-week cross-sectional study. Participants were randomly assigned to the four study groups: endurance sports, energy-restricted diet, endurance sports with boosted nutrition, and control. The energy reduction rate was the same (approximately 15% of the daily calorie requirement) for the group involved in endurance sports and for the group with an energy-restricted diet. The participants in the endurance sports with boosted nutrition performed the same exercises but remained in energy balance due to a 15% increase in calories during training. Participant lipid panel profile and weight loss parameters were measured once at the start of the study, and again at the end. Results: Weight loss was the same between the endurance sports (-6. 5 0. 6 kg) and energy-restricted diet (-6. 2 0. 5 kg) groups. Whereas in the endurance sports with boosted nutrition (-0. 8  0. 4 kg), and control (-0. 1  0. 7 kg) groups, weight remained constant. Levels of TC and LDL-C decreased in the endurance sports compared to the control group (P < 0. 001 for both). This change was not observed in the energy-restricted diet group (P > 0. 11). Differences in TC and LDL-C levels were connected with changes in body mass (P < 0. 01). In the endurance sports with boosted nutrition group, we noted a rise in HDL-C (P < 0. 001). Conclusions: A decrease in body weight caused by exercise reduced pro-atherogenic lipoproteins, while physical activity compensated with energy consumption increased HDL-C.

Objectives: The current cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in the Hormozgan province in Iran. Methods: 1005 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 yearswhowere living in Hormozgan province participated in this communitybased study. Participants were selected using the stratified random cluster sampling and were instructed to fill the Persian version of Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). Demographic data were also collected (i. e., gender, age, education, parents’ education, and socioeconomic status). Descriptive analysis and 95% confidence interval were used to investigate the relationship between the scores of the K-SADS-PL questionnaire and the demographic factors. Logistic regression was used to calculate the OR of the diagnosis with a psychiatric disorder according to sex, age, and socioeconomic status. Results: The overall prevalence in children and adolescents was 16. 01%. No statistically significant difference was found concerning gender in regards to the frequency of psychiatric disorders. The most prevalent psychiatric disorders were separation anxiety disorder (4. 2%), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2. 5%), and oppositional defiant disorder (2. 5%), while anorexia nervosa (0. 1%) had the lowest prevalence. Conclusions: The frequency of psychiatric disorders in adolescents inHormozganprovince is comparable to the reports from other countries. The results of this study can be used to developmorespecific preventiveandtherapeutic measures, focusedonthe highest risk subgroups.

Background: Binge eating is the consumption of a large amount of food, with the feeling of loss of control. Unhealthy eating behaviors, especially binge eating disorder, may be a form of coping strategies to control the negative and unpleasant feelings. Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the differences in avoidance coping strategies among female college students with binge eating disorder and healthy controls. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 female students who entered Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2011. Data were obtained via the Binge Eating scale (BES) and Lazarus’ ways of the coping questionnaire. We collected the demographic characteristics of the students, such as age, year of the entrance, living place, and mean score of the last semester from the checklist. We used descriptive statistics and independent t-test to evaluate the overeating and normal groups of collegian students. Results: The mean age of the participants was 22. 94 1. 94 years. In this study, 75% of the individuals were normal, and the remainder was in the overeating group. Based on Lazarus’ ways of the coping questionnaire, confronting coping (P < 0. 02) and escapeavoidance (P < 0. 01), subscales showed a significant difference between the overeating and normal groups. In both subscales, the overeating group had lower scores. In the end, the mean scores of the overeating and normal groups were significantly different (P < 0. 001). Conclusions: The use of inefficient coping strategies increased the negative outcomes such as binge eating disorder in students. Avoidance coping strategy can be an essential mechanism used to reduce the pressures in stressful situations.

The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) afflicted more than 10, 800, 000 people and killed more than 500, 000 worldwide by July 2, 2020. The main route of COVID-19 spreading is contact with infected persons and their secretions on inanimate surfaces and respiratory droplets coming out of the mouth and nose of patients during coughing, sneezing, and talking (1). . . .

Background: Anxiety in patients admitted at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is common and usually moderate or severe. Anxiety affects endocrine and physiological responses. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of aromatherapy by rose essence on anxiety and physiological indices of conscious patients admitted at ICU. Methods: In this clinical trial, 60 conscious patients admitted at ICU wards in Ali Ibn Abi Talib Hospital of Rafsanjan were selected andrandomly allocated into two groups of interventionandcontrol. In the intervention group, three drops of 10% rose essence were poured on the gauze and placed 20 cm from the patients’ nose on their shirt, and the patients inhaled it for 20 minutes three times a day. In the control group, three drops of distilled water were used likewise. Data collection tools included Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS V. 18. Results: According to the results, in the intervention group, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly increased (paired t-test, P < 0. 05) in the second time after the intervention and significantly decreased (paired t-test, P < 0. 05) in the third time. The mean oxygen saturation of arterial blood also significantly increased in the second time in this group after the intervention (paired t-test, P = 0. 001). However, there was no significant difference in anxiety score before and after the intervention in each group. Conclusions: Although aromatherapy using rose essence was statistically significant on some of the physiological indices of conscious patients in ICU, these differences were not clinically significant.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the highly developed countries are taking emergency measures to deal with sudden global economic disruptions. The United States has started giving significant thought to its unemployment problem as a result of the novel coronavirus outbreak. In the current situation, the main issue is not just about how COVID-19 keeps spreading, but the level of disruption to the global economy. Researchers unanimously emphasize the deepening impacts of COVID-19 outbreak on the world economy, and the accompanying fears have rocked markets worldwide. A recent report from the United States reveals that more than three million of its citizens have applied for unemployment benefits (1). . . .

Objectives: This study assessed the effects of four weeks of palm pollen consumption along with resistance training on protein and gene expression levels of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in bone tissue of rats. Methods: Thirty-six rats were selected and assigned into six groups, including (1) training + testosterone, (2) training + palm pollen, (3) testosterone, (4) palm pollen, (5) training and (6) sham. Then, 100 mg/kg of palm pollen was prescribed five days per week. Resistance training was performed five sessions per week, and 2 mg/kg of testosterone propionate was prescribed peritoneally. Gene expression and protein levels of Runx2 were measured via the real-time PCR andWestern blot methods. Results: Training had a significant effect on the increase in Runx2 protein levels (P 0. 05). Training + testosterone, training + palm pollen, testosterone, and palm pollen had significant effects on gene expression and protein levels of Runx2 (P 0. 05). Training + testosterone and training + palm pollen had more favorable effects on the increase of gene expression and protein levels of Runx2 than had testosterone, palm pollen, and training (P 0. 05). Conclusions: Although training, palm pollen, and testosterone alone could increase the Runx2 protein levels in the bone tissue of rats, training with palm pollen and training with testosterone appeared to have more favorable effects on the increase of gene expression and protein levels of Runx2 than either alone.

Background: The lack of physical activity and obesity causes mild chronic inflammation that is associated with increased plasma levels of inflammatory markers. Evidence suggests that physical activity can reduce inflammatory markers. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of eight weeks of aerobic training with two intensities on levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and insulin resistance in obese Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty-four Wistar male rats (fourteen weeks old and weighing 250-300 g, body mass index > 30 g/cm2) were used. After two weeks of familiarity with the laboratory environment, the animals were randomly divided into three groups: (1) high-intensity aerobic exercise (n = 8); (2) moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (n = 8), and control (n = 8). The rats in moderate and high-intensity aerobic exercise groups were performed an increasing training for eight weeks and five days a week and one session per day for 60 minutes running at different speeds on a rodent motor-driven treadmill. Data were analyzed by paired sample t-test and repeated measures (ANOVA) for the inter-group and intra-group comparison of the variance changes. Results: Significant differences were found in serum TNF- levels (P = 0. 027 and F = 3. 42), IL-6 levels (P = 0. 043 and F = 2. 99), and insulin resistance index (P = 0. 008 and F = 4. 69) between the moderate, high-intensity aerobic exercises, and control groups. The levels of TNF- concentration was significantly different between moderate-intensity and control group (P = 0. 01) and between the highintensity and control groups (P = 0. 01). The insulin resistance index in MI (P = 0. 01) and HI (P = 0. 01) groups significantly decreased compared to the control group. Conclusions: The results of the present study show that both types of moderate-intensity and high-intensity aerobic exercise lead to the reduction of TNF- , interleukin-6, and insulin resistance index compared to the control group. Further studies are needed to shed light on the effects of different types of exercise on such indices, especially the use of long-term training sessions.

Background: The velocity of providing services in health centers is crucial to reduce mortality and adverse outcomes. Objectives: The present study aimed at determining the waiting time from entering the emergency department (ED) up to physician visiting based on congestion in the triple shift at Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in Bandar Abbas, Iran. Methods: The current cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted in 2019 on 1285 subjects selected from three shifts. The data collection tools included demographic data and standard triage forms, as well as a timetable with a stopwatch. The time between patient arrival and physician visit was recorded. SPSS software version 21 was employed to analyze the data. Results: The highest percentage of patients, 65. 1% (n = 837), was non-traumatic, 38. 98% (n = 501) referred during the evening shift, and 47. 54% (n = 611) were related to the triage level 3. The maximum average waiting time from the beginning to the end of the triage was 4. 46, and up to the physician, the visit was 12. 8 minutes. Waiting time from entering ED up to physician first visit in terms of gender, refer to ED, and cause of referral statistically divulged a significant difference (P < 0. 05). Estimation of the maximum congestion in the department was from 16: 00 to 20: 00, which showed a significant difference with other day times (P < 0. 05). Conclusions: The average waiting time for patients was higher than the global standard. The interventions based on the maximum congestion in ED can be effective in reducing patient waiting time.