Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development
Year:2003 | Volume:11 | Issue:1-2|Papers Count:9

In this study, at first predictable and random fluctuations of pistachio price in Iran were measured. Then the possibility of using future markets and options in reducing pistachio price variabilities were investigated. The results show that about 50% of price fluctuations are unpredictable and random therefore we need suitable tools and policies to reduce them. After calculating future price, strike price, premium, hedge ratio, etc, the first investigations show that establishing future markets and options for pistachio in Iran will be possible and will work successfully. But this conclusion is achieved regardless of pistachio producers' attitudes towards risk. Thus for having final decision, this point should be .considered.

In This article, three multiplier matrices estimated: leontief s multiplier, Miyazaw's and SAM multipliers. It is shown that SAM multiplier provides more scope and flexibility . to analysts to quantitatively analyse the socio-exonomic axpects of the exonomy as copared to the two former multipliers. In order to operationalize the three mentioned multipliers. The reduced from of the 1996 SAM has been used. The results show that the development of industry in the leontief an Miyazawa's model reveals hight priority as compared to Agriculture ans service sectors. When considering SAM model, The socio-economic effects of the development of agriculture give mor opportunity to overall development process of Iranian economy as compared to Industry and Service Sectors.

One of the structural problems of the agriculture sector in Iran is the flows of capital from this sector to the other sectors. On the other hand, the government's agricultural protective policies have not been able to reduce the magnitude of these flows. Using a version of the permanent income theory, the paper seeks to analyze the determinants of capital flows from the agricultural sector in Iran. The empirical results of the paper show that increases in the permanent incomes of the agricultural and industrial sectors have positive effects on capital formation in the former. However, increases in the permanent income of the service sector will draw capital out from the agricultural sector to the service sector.

Agriculture sector in Iran, has a substantial role in the economy; therefore, the determinants of the growth of agriculture can affect the aggregate economic growth substantially. This study investigates the impacts of the main determinants on the growth of agriculture and aggregate economic growth in Iran. The findings of the study indicate that service sector value added, private and public investment in agriculture, oil sector value added, and technological development have a positive and significant effect, and on the contrary, the terms of trade have a notable negative effect on the agricultural sector value added. Furthermore, the value added of agriculture has the most significant effect on the aggregate value added.

The main purpose of this paper is to study the feasibility of establishing a commodity exchange market for selected agricultural products within the framework of regional agreements. To this end, important concepts, definitions and the main characteristical of such a market are presented in the firs section. The theoretical setting and the future contracts and their related issues are the subject of the second section of the paper. The structural impact, its role on the scope economices and export promotion are analyzed in the third section followed by a discussion of benefits and an outlook for some Iranian agricultural products that are best suited for trading in such a market. The results of the paper show that the structural improvement of the sector, the growth of related economic activities and export promotion are the most important impacts of establishing such an exchange mechanism. It is shown that the exchange will prevent expanding underground economy and would lead to a sustainable financing for the agricultural sector. The results also show that pistachio, raisen, saffron, apple, dates, and citrus products have all potential of being traded among a number of countries in Eco and D-8 regions, keeping in mind that further thorough analysis would be needed to get more insight to the trade potentials of these and other products.

The limitation of capital and economic situation in (Iran conveys this idea that capital should be invested in activities which result in quite a lot of employment opportunities, and activities which enjoy a high job-creation coefficiency. Due to the variety of structural and technological formation of economic sectors in different eras, for prediction, the effect of investment on employment is different. So, for the purpose of optimal use of investment and to predict the employment opportunities created by investment, we should analyse the effect of investment on employment in economic sectors. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of investment on employment opportunities in agriculture sector. In this study, It is assumed that employment in agriculture sector is equal to labor demand. Based on this assumption we estimated the emprical model for labor demand function in agriculture sector. Time series analyses is used to estimate the emprical function of labor demand. Stationary of variables was tested-byunit root tests. Also Johanson cointegration test was used to analyse the existence of long-run relationship between variables. Research findings reveal that there is a positive relation between employment and investment in agriculture sector.

Agricultural sector is one of the most important sectors of Iran economy that accounts about twenty five percent of Iran's GDP Since providing people for necessary food and food security is considered as one of the government's main and important duties, the growth and development of agricultural sector have always been one of politicians and economists focal points here in Iran. Thus, the government plans and pays expenditures to develop this sector. Ths article studies the effects of government's expe1ditures on the value added of agricultural sector to determine the effects of each part of these expenditures on the sector. We, first, introduce our model for studying the effects of the government's expenditures on the value added of agricultural sector during the periond 1971-1999 (1350-1378), and then, estimate this model by 3SLS method. This model has been designed based on a simultaneous equations system and mutual effects of the variables. Finally, according to this model and its estimated coefficients, it is concluded that the most effective variable on the value added of agricultural sector.is the government's expenditures for research and training, and the expenditures for constructive costs are in the second rank. The current expenditures of government and paid subsidiaries to the producers in the agricultural sector have no statistically meaningful effect on the value added of the sector. Therefore, according to the conclusions of this study, it is proposed to the government to increase its expenditures for research and training in agricultural sector to develop the sector more effectively.

Agricultural insurance is one of the most important issues in the agricultural sector and the governments in many contries are responsible for this type of insurance to support farmers against possible risks in agriculture. Insurance industry can differently protect producers as it protects crops, livestocks forestry, fishery, etc. This study has focused on determining factors associated with demand for insurance of agricultural products, and on farmers, attitude to the insurance industry in S&B province. Data were gathered from insurance Company in the province as well as completing farmers' qusetionaires in 2001 using the logit model. Factors related to farmer's preferences and the way they look to the industry were investigated, in addition to investigation of the industry's performances. The results show that while level of farmers' education has no significant effect on the adaption toward the industry, the positive effect of this factor on demand for insurance has caused an insurance in demand. Also, farmer's experiences have a positive effect on both the adaption and the demand. Moreover, younger farmers as well as land owners have shown a close tendency to agriculture Insurance.