URBAN STUDIES
Year:2017 | Volume:7 | Issue:21|Papers Count:8

The sense of security is one of the indicators of quality of life in cities and social problems are the consequences of insecurity. In this regard, this study seeks to measure the impact of social values on social security in urban areas. Accordingly identifying the impact of social values affecting social security is a prerequisite for healthy city planning to improve social security. The ideas of thinkers such as Barry Buzan, Giddens, and Parsons in the field of social security in urban areas as well as the views of Coleman and Putnam in the field of social values and social capital were utilized in the construction of theoretical framework. This study therefore seeks to identify the most influential factors affecting social security in Tehran city. The research used a survey method. The research population of this study consisted of all 8154051 residents in 22 districts of Tehran who are gathered according to the 2011 General Population and Housing Census. Using a proportionate stratified random sampling, a sample of 385 residents of Tehran is selected. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between independent variables (sexual preference, class concept, individualism-collectivism, social justice, fanaticism, national pride and interpersonal trust) and the dependent variable (social security in urban areas).

this research is implemented in Mahale Kouhsar in Thehran Four region. The precise question is "will using local community based politics, promote a sense of belonging to community? In order to implement this research, a mixed method was designed including field research, participatory rural appraisal (PRA), and survey. semi structured interviews. Different PRA' techniques and questionnaire were also used for data gathering. The findings showed that programs and politics which had been implemented in this region did not succeed in promoting a sense of belonging to local community. On the contrary this activity has reduced a sense of belonging to this community. The local council's policies (Shorayari) mainly relied on modernization of the region and therefore helped to increase differences and gaps between community members. Migration to and from this community actually furthered this gap and the process of reducing a sense of belonging to the community. This situation made mahaleye kouhsar into a passageway. It also reduced the sense of security in the region especially for women.

Nowadays, given that urban development and environment pollution has disrupted ecological balance, the responsibility and duty of human societies in relation to the environment assumes much importance. In this regard, the concept of ecological citizenship, with an emphasis on functionality and responsibility with regard to the ecological world, becomes meaninful. On the other hand, the dominance of the mass media on all aspects of human life has an undeniable role in achieving ecological citizenship. Therefore, this article, using a survey method aims to study the role of mass media in achieving ecological citizenship. The research instrument was a questionnaire and the research population consisted of all citizens over 15 years of age in the city of Tabriz, of whom 670 were selected, using multi-stage cluster sampling method. The results showed that ecological citizenship of Tabriz citizens is relatively good and that the mean of all 11 dimensions of ecological citizenship were above the average. Statistical results showed that the mass media, both domestic and foreign significantly correlated with ecological citizenship so that relationship with domestic mass media is positive and foreign mass media have been negative.

Slum areas of megalopolises are prone to develop a variety of social pathologies, including violent behaviors and especially among the youths. Sociologists emphasize the importance of neighborhood and housing characteristics in explaining urban youth violence. This paper examines the impact of these factors as well as socio-cultural and demographic factors on youth violent behavior in two slum and two non-slum areas of the city of Kermanshah (Jaafarabad, Dowlat abad, Maskan and Elahieh). Needed data were gathered through multi stage stratified sampling method of a sample of 400 youths aged 15 to 29 years. Findings showed that homeownership and density of housing affects violent behavior. However, childhood experience of parental violence, addiction, amount of violence in the neighborhood and degree of religiosity affects violent behavior too. The study reveals that socio-cultural factors are more important in explaining urban youth violence than economic (income) and ecological factors (neighborhood and housing characteristics) among youth city dwellers in Kermanshah.

The main objective of this study is to answer the fundamental question of what impact the cultural capital has on the social capital of neighborhoods of Tehran, and that whether the level of social capital and cultural capital in the north are different from that in the south of the city? To answer these basic questions, fuzzy questionnaire was designed to collect information. The research method is the fuzzy artificial neural network approach (ANNFIS). The research population consisted of people 18 years and older in Tehran. The sample size included 2538 individuals. The findings suggested that objectified cultural capital (-0.533) and embodied cultural capital (-0.260) respectively, have the highest impact on the dependent variable. It should be noted that of the three variables that were entered into the regression equation, only institutionalized cultural capital was put out and other variables in the equation remained. It should also be mentioned that all variables remained in the equation were negatively related to neighborhood social capital.

Nowadays consumerism is an important topic of research in sociology and cultural studies. Consumerism is one of the common elements of the modern and post-modern periods. This paper examines, empirically, the factors associated with consumption among Yazd's youth. Needed data were gathered via questionnaires of 384 youths from Yazd through a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. The views of scholars like Giddens, Baudrillard, and Brian Turner were used to construct the theoretical framework. The results showed that gender, media usage (particularly satellite TV), globalization, and place of birth were positively related to consumerism. In fact, it could be said that as societies move toward modernity and urbanism, consumption among people also increases. It was also found that religiosity was negatively related to consumerism. Multiple regression results showed that globalization and religiosity explained 17% of the variance in consumption.

Bazars are the backbone of the Iranian city and in recent years social capital has been considered as a foundation of economic development of society and as an invisible wealth. The most important thing that can be observed in new markets, as compared to traditional markets, is a lack of attention to social capital. Hence, the purpose of this study is to compare social capital between traditional bazars and new markets in Isfahan as indicators of two paradigms of tradition and modernism. The selected samples are populations of Isfahan traditional bazar and Isfahan Park market. Sampling was carried out based on simple random selection. The data required for the analysis were collected using a questionnaire. “T” test results showed that social capital in traditional bazar of Isfahan was more than Isfahan park market in all four indicators. Among physical elements in Isfahan bazar, the mosques have an important role in enhancing the public relations, social security and social participation. In another word, mosques are the focal points and the structural elements of social capital in traditional bazars. In addition, the composition of linear structure of Isfahan traditional bazar and its surrounding land use has increased the urban planning features such as access and walkability, and this has been effective in enhancing the level of social capital in Isfahan traditional bazar.