Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity
Year:2019 | Volume:11 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Objective: The ankle-brachial index (ABI) as a simple test which can detect peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Therefore in this study we try to evaluate the diagnostic value of ABI for silent myocardial ischemia in diabetic patients and compare the results with myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) results. Materials and Methods: All 149 diabetic patients in this study were categorized according to different parameters including sex, smoking, cholesterol, familial history, and high blood pressure, level of ischemia, myocardial infraction (MI), left ventricle (LV) volume, ejection fraction (EF), and wall motion. Then the relationship of ABI index and these parameters were investigated. Results: According to the calculated ABI the data was investigated based on ABI lower and higher than 0. 9. The frequency of ABI> 0. 9 was 16 (11%) and< 0. 9 was 133 (89%). There was no significant relationship between all the mentioned parameters and ABI index (P-value: 0. 05). Conclusion: This study suggests the ABI sensitivity and specificity for diagnose of silent ischemia in asymptomatic diabetic patients is very low and in this case ABI cannot replace MPI by any means.

Objective: Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases which can be accompanied with suicide. The study was conducted to assess and compare the prevalence of suicidal ideation in diabetic patients receiving insulin and oralmedication treatment. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2000 patients with diabetes supported by diabetes institute of Rafsanjan in 2017. After giving conscious permission, the patients filled in a demographic checklist and Beck suicidal ideation questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS-16. Results: Prevalence of suicidal ideation in patients with diabetes receiving insulin was 3. 2% (n=32) and in people receivingoral medication treatment was 3. 1% (n=31). There were no association between suicidal ideation and the method of diabetes treatment. Suicidal ideation was more prevalent in illiterate people; however, no significant relationship was seen between suicidal ideation and education level. Also, there was no significant relationship between marital status and suicidal ideation. There was no relationship between suicidal thoughts and the method of treatment (P-value: 0. 05). Conclusion: Suicidal ideation is more prevalent in diabetic patients, but there were not differences between two group under insulin therapy and oral anti-diabetic agents.

Objective: Apelin is a novel adipokine that plays an important role in regulating energy homeostasis and improving insulin resistance. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of eight weeks aerobic interval training and glycogon consumption on serum apelin levels and insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study. Forty diabetic women with mean age (48. 08± 6. 14) weight (72. 61± 11. 51) kg, height (156. 33± 6. 36) cm, body mass index (BMI) (29. 73 ± 4. 62) kg / m 2 were selected. Samples were randomly divided into four groups: aerobic interval training (n= 10), glycogon consumption (n= 10), combination (n= 10) and control (n= 10). To measure low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, insulin, apelin and insulin resistance were measured. Then the aerobic and combination group participated in an aerobic interval training program (8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, 1 hour session, 40-60% of maximal beat intensity). Glycogel 3 capsules of 145 mg daily were used. After eight weeks, all variables were measured in four groups. T-test and analysis of variance were used. Results: The findings of this study showed that the level of apelin decreased significantly in all three groups (P-value=0. 018). Changes in glucose (P-value=0. 16) and insulin (P-value=0. 31) in groups were not significant. Insulin resistance was significantly decreased in the combination and glycogel groups (P-value=0. 03). Conclusion: Aerobic interval exercises and glycogon consumption can be used to reduce some of the risk factors for diabetes in people with diabetes.

Objective: Thepurpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of HIIT training combining nano-curcumin supplement on antioxidant defense and lipid degradation in overweight girls. Materials and Methods: The research method was semiexperimental study. Accordingly, 48 overweight girl students were randomly divided into four groups: training (n=12), training-supplement (n=12), supplement (n=12) and control group (n=12). Supplement groups consumed 80 mg nano-curcumin capsule daily. Training groups performed an exercise protocol of HIIT training with maximum heart rate for 6 weeks (three sessions per week). The control group did not have any regular exercise. Blood samples were obtained before and after training period for antioxidant indicators and lipid degradation measurement. T-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for the evaluation of within-group and between-group differences, respectively. Results: A significant increase was observed in serum levels of Malondialdehyde (P-value= 0. 004) in the training group after 6 weeks. Also, there was a significant increase in serum Glutathione (P-value= 0. 001), Superoxide dismutase (P-value= 0. 006) and Catalase indexes (Pvalue= 0. 01) in the supplement group. Moreover, a significant increase in catalase (P-value= 0. 001), glutathione (P-value= 0. 006), superoxide dismutase (P-value= 0. 015) and glutathione peroxidase indexes (Pvalue= 0. 05) and a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (P-value= 0. 009) were observed in the training supplement group. Conclusion: A positive antioxidant effect was seen, so taking curcumin supplement along with exercises may have beneficial effects on reinforcement the antioxidant system and prevention of lipid peroxidation in overweight individuals.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the three endurance training intensities on the expression of Perlipin A protein in subcutaneous adipose tissue and pancreatic B-cells function in male diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 healthy male wistar rats were divided into five groups, including diabetic with low intensity endurance training, diabetic with moderate intensity endurance training, diabetic with high intensity endurance training, diabetic control and healthy control. After diabetic induction with streptozotocin, endurance training was performed with low intensity, moderate and severe for eight weeks, three sessions per week. The relative expression of Perilipin A was measured by western blot technique. Results: The results indicated a significant effect of endurance training with three intensities on serum levels of insulin and glucose and pancreatic B-cells function (P-value: 0. 001). Also the results showed that there was no significant difference between Perlipin A expression in healthy and diabetic control groups with endurance training groups (with low, moderate and high intensity) (P-value: 0. 07). Conclusion: However, Moderate and high intensity endurance training compared to low-intensity training can compensate for the loss caused by diabetes in the expression of the Perlipin A protein but the difference was not significant. It seems that more intensity endurance training lead to more increase in Perlipin A expression in diabetic rats.

Objective: The study aimed to determine the effect of eight weeks high intensity interval (HIIT) and sub-maximal continuous trainings on plasma betatrophin level in diabetic rats treated with metformin. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 42 diabetic wistar rats were divided into six groups (n=7): diabetic control (C), diabetic control + metformin consumption(C+M), diabetic HIIT, diabetic HIIT + metformin (HIIT+M), diabetic sub-maximal continuous training (SMCT), and diabetic sub-maximal continuous training + metformin (SMCT+M). Metformin was given 150 mg/kg/day by gavage every day, 48 hours after the end of the last training session, the rats were sacrificed. Then blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured. One-way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis of data. Results: The level of plasma betatrophin was significantly different in the HIIT (P-value= 0. 01) and C+M (P-value= 0. 001) groups compared to C group. Blood glucose was significantly decreased in all training groups with or without betatrophin compared with the diabetic control group (P-value= 0. 001). However, there were no significant changes between glucose levels in HIIT, HIIT+M, SMCT, and SMCT+M groups but SMCT showed most reduction in blood glucose. Conclusion: Treatment with metformin did not change blood glucose but two types of exercise training with high and moderate intensity reduced blood glucose thus exercise can be a good alternative modality rather than taking medicine.

Objective: In diabetic patients, hyperglycemia is associated with impaired FOXO signaling pathways in liver cells. This study aimed to determine the effect of resistance training on FOXO1 expression in liver hepatocytes and fasting glucose levels in type 2 diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, type 2 diabetes induced by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide-STZ in 16 male wistar rats (220± 20 g) and were randomly divided into exercise (n=8) and control (n=8) groups. Exercise group were participated in resistance training program (12 weeks, 5 days/weekly). Fasting glucose and insulin as well as FOXO1 expression in liver hepatocytes were measured lasted exercise session of 2 groups and compared by independent T-test. Results: Compared to control group, resistance training resulted in significant decrease in fasting glucose (P-value< 0. 0001) and decrease in serum insulin (P-value< 0. 0001). However, no significant difference was found in FOXO1 expression in liver cells between exercise and control groups (P-value: 0. 725). Conclusion: Based on this data, improvement of glycemic profile in response to resistance training in diabetic rats cannot be attributed to FOXO1 expression in liver cells. This improvement may be attributed to an increase in serum insulin or other hormonal or genetic changes in response to resistance exercise, which will require further studies in this area.

Objective: Diabetes is a metabolic disease which is linked to increased physical disabilities and muscle tissue damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of interval and continued exercises with crocin on Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in diabetic obese rats. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 56 adult diabetic rats (high-fat diet and venous injection of streptozotocin) were selected and randomly assigned to groups (1), intense interval exercises (2), low intensity exercise (3), intense interval exercise with crocin consumption, (4) Low intensity exercise with crocin consumption, (5) Crocin consumption, (6) sham and (7) control were divided. Intense interval and low intensity exercise groups lasted for 8 weeks, three sessions per week, with intensity of 80 to 85 and 50 to 55 percent of maximum treadmill running, and crocin consumption groups for 8 weeks per day, mg / kg 25 crocin were taken peritoneal. To analyze the research hypotheses, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, independent T-tests and two-way multi-variable analysis of variance were used along with Benferron's comparison method. It should be noted that the significance level in all measurements was considered to be P-value≤ 0. 05. Results: Results showed that exercise (P-value: 0. 12) and crocin (Pvalue: 0. 10) consumption had no significant effect on Bax/Bcl-2 gene expression in diabetic rats. Also interaction of exercise and crocin consumption on Bax/Bcl-2 was not significant (P-value: 0. 12). Conclusion: It appears that exercise and crocin consumption have not interaction effect on improvement of Bax / Bcl-2 ratio in diabetic rats.