RAYS OF CRITICISM IN ARABIC AND PERSIAN
Year:2014 | Volume:4 | Issue:14|Papers Count:7

The analysis of city as an approach in reading has drawn a lot of attention from the end of nineteenth century till present time and the concept of city, real or imaginary, utopia or promise land has been one of the most significant frameworks for narrative techniques. The present research attempts to introduce George wells' theories concerning Utopia, and apply them to analyze Suhayl Idris ' novel Our Hands That Flame. The conclusion achieved is that the author portrays a utopian society from his bourgeois perspective which is close to that of George Wells. Thus the author believes that love, security, law, proper use of wealth, and respect to women must be appreciated and practiced in Arab countries in order to get close to utopia.

Myths show the layers of human being's collective unconsciousness and include a nations' symbolic and mysterious conceptions. BanugoshasbNameh is a mythic verse book including mythic functions. In BanugoshasbNameh, Banugoshasb is a warring and heroic archetype. Her functions remind the glory of women's role in agricultural era, the era which is famed for its matriarchy and in all the verses, it has been tried to show her power and nature. This article tries to show Banugoshasb's character and pays attention to mythic functions such as transformation, and water symbolism. The theoretical framework of this research is archetypal criticism which will be applied to Banugoshabnameh.

After the movements that Egypt witnessed in the second half of twentieth century, realist novelists tried to depict the realities of the society with new perspectives and used a new structural pattern in their writings. With this regard the role of character which has a determining factor in realist novels went through changes concerning characterization and depicting their temperament in novels with the neorealist approach. Sonallah Ibrahim is one of the most prominent authors of the 60’s with neorealist approach evident in his works. The novel The Star of August (1974) is an example of his efforts to diverge from the common styles of characterization of that time. In this novel there is no trace of Hero in the traditional sense and style and the main character of the novel is an ordinary person who has no fame. The minor characters of the story also are all static till the end of the story and they are introduced only by name or job.

Unlike ordinary language, signs or elements of a literary language tend to develop a loose connection with their innate meanings and conceptions, and there appears to be no logical and natural tie between the words and their possible meanings. This fundamental gap or difference pushes a literary language further to be dynamic and brings along various vistas for reading. What is important in dealing with this language is studying its linguistic aspects closely and getting acquainted with aspects that create literature. Semiotics and its applications help remarkably to understand this specific language and hues of its underlying meanings deeply and more sensibly. The present study, aims to evaluate Shanfari’s Lamiyyatul Arab through a Semiotic-based scrutiny. The result is that studying a work of in the light of semiotics uncovers aesthetic and mysterious and symbolic implications such as tribe, journey, beast, desert, wolf, endurance, and cry against oppression in this ode.

"The slave of merchant" is a tale in book two of Marzban Nameh. The protagonist of the tale is a slave who is commanded by his master to go on a business journey. During this journey he confronts many perilous events but each time he is saved because of his acumen power. From one side, the slave is the representation of a fabulous face of a myth, Adonis and is a symbol of the god of nature who dies and revives for the sake of his servants and the hero of an exogamy social system who has been far from his homeland and becomes the king of a foreign land on the other side.

The comparison of Arabic literature and Persian literature is the comparison between two similar literatures though the impact of Persian literature on Arabic literature is more profound. Hossein Mojib Almesri, the poet under discussion in this paper has been influenced by Persian literature specifically in two areas: symbolism and poetic forms. This paper is an attempt to discuss cultural interaction between Arabic and Persian literature in the poetry of Hossein Mojib Almesri as a prominent contemporary literary man. The paper highlights the representation of this cultural give and take which results in change in poetic themes. Mesri follows Persian mystical symbolism while he tries to depict his own mental images, too by describing the beloved's long hair and tall, upright figure. The poet sometimes borrows Persian motifs and themes unconsciously, and unaware of its effect.

The phoneme is considered as the smallest linguistic unit that is used to distinguish words from each other. Relation between phonology and semantics is placed in the context of relation between signifier and signified. And disagreement between linguists continue until now. Some of them believe that there are functional roles for phonemes in innovative text. Whereas others believe that there is no relationship between meaning and phoneme. In this article we count phonemes in Tarafeh's poem and we express presence and absence of defamiliarisation in camel description. The result is that phoneme plays a crucial role in poetic context. Phonemes that are relevant to meaning are abundant while irrelevant ones that have no connection to meaning are rare.