RAYS OF CRITICISM IN ARABIC AND PERSIAN
Year:2019 | Volume:9 | Issue:1 (33) |Papers Count:6

As one of the most popular methodologies in understanding political thinking, the Crisis theory of Spragens has four phases. In this framework, a theoretician first recognizes the problem in a society, then, in the second phase, he tries to analyze the problem and locate its root. In the third phase, the theoretician introduces his ideal utopian society, and in the fourth phase, he presents some guidelines to solve the problem of the society. If we investigate Akhlagh-Al-Ashraf within this framework, we will see that the boo encompasses all the four phases. The first two phases are covered in the chapter entitles "Mazhab-e Mokhtar" in which Obeid investigates the realities of his society. Then, in the third phase, he pictures his ideal utopian society with a sense of nostalgia. Now, this is the common chapter between this work and "Akhlagh-e Naseri". The utopian society pictured by Obeid is exactly the one introduced in Akhlagh-e Naseri, the only difference being that in picturing it Obeid exploits the figure of … … … … … … … … … … . The solution Obeid presents in the fourth phase is returning to the same society pictured in Akhlagh-e Naseri, i. e., a return to Platonic ethics and the return of morality to politics.

An analysis of the style of prison poems in contemporary Persian poetry Sadegh Ebrahimi kavari Assistant professor of the Islamic Azad university-Abadan branch Since prison poems compris a large bulk of Persian poetry, and since they show technical developments Persian poetry has undergone, a thorough study of such poems is very important. Since there are numerous prison poems in contemporary Persian literature, this study restricts itself to analysis of of the structure and the style of such poems. In addition, this study focuses on the prison poems written at the our time. To do so, we have selected poems by Malek al Shoara Bahar who is a key figure in writing such poems. The main goal of this study is to analyze the feature of this genre with an emphasis on Bahar and the contemporary persian poetry. key words: prison poems, stylistics, Malek al shoara Bahar. Sadegh Ebrahimi kavari

After the bitter failure of the Arabs against Zionist regime, Nizar Kabbani wrote against the Zionist regime and censured the Arab diplomats and he joined to Intifada. He composed protesting songs for the children who have stones in their hands. and named them the pioneers of the intifada. This research according to descriptive method tries to analyze The countenance of children of the stones of the first intifada of Palestine in Nizar Kabbani’ s poems exactly in The Trilogy of the Children of the Stones. It considers how these children perform their role and show their countenance in resistance. The most important conclusion is that, their countenance unmask the heavy defeat of Arab men against the Zionist and negligence of Arab society in Palestine history. They are shown like characters who do jihad, protest, fight and die for holey purposes in contradicting men who are traitors, pensioners and just do something for business. Children who illuminate the Arabic language, identity and name. They urge others by hope and light. They destroy the absurd Arabic songs and give new and fresh identity and meaning to them.

Studying the structure of the texts, especially poetic texts, from the point of view of narrative criticism is of great importance because it gives us a new vision of what we read from the poems of modern times. This branch of literary criticism is used in the study of many poetic texts and prose to learn the construction of these texts better. In this research we used this critical approach to study the poem "Children with the Consciousness" by Suleiman al-Issa, the Syrian poet of children from his poetry collection "I and Jerusalem". In this research, we have relied on the analytical descriptive approach, and we have included several narratives about narrative, narrative structure, and a short vision of the poet's life in the introductory section. Then we studied the most important narrative techniques in the poem, such as the characters, the plot, the idea, the meaning, the dialogue, the narrator, and so on. During this study, we have reached several conclusions, including: that the poet has sufficient skill in dealing with characters from the elements of narration and has relied on narrative techniques in the narrative text, especially with regard to the mentality of children.