RAYS OF CRITICISM IN ARABIC AND PERSIAN
Year:2017 | Volume:7 | Issue:28 |Papers Count:6

The literary art of visualization rooted in Islamic and Arabic Studies of ancient times has been proposed as a literary theory in the contemporary literary criticism. Examining the scientific principles and its mechanisms, this theory can be introduced as an Islamic-literary theory across the world. This study attempts to examine the register and the function of this theory in Qur’ an visualizing words and take a step forward in proving and strengthening this theory. The results show the fundamental role of register in the selection of visualizing words in Qur’ an and also its linguistic role in highlighting the pictorial aspect of the words.

This comparative study throws light upon common and uncommon points in drawing of the west and the east images. The study uses achievements of both American and Russian schools in comparative literature. Across this study we see that similar conditions of life in both Arab and Iranian societies make texts similar: a consideration between human, especially women, status in Iran and Arab region. In the two stories, the East appears to be a place of violence and social and political repression, while the West is a shelter from oppression against women. What distinguishes the two texts in relation to the East and West is that Ghadaal-Samman describes in her story the cliché image of the East from the perspective of a Westerner, and deals with the identity crisis of the Arab human, where he sees himself in two different cultures while these two points were ignored by Taraghi in her text.

Structuralism is a new critical approach based on literary methods and linguistics which identifies and analyses literary texts and elaborates on its structural beauties. Love and affection as an important element in literature and poetry is highly effective on the structure of literary texts. Therefore, studying affection in literature creates new fields in literary criticism. Love and affection toward children as an important type of affection, is also important in children upbringings and educational patterns. This issue is mostly covered by the poems of Sharif Murtaza and other poets. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze affection toward children in the Divan of Sharif Murtaza in the light of structuralism in the four types of lyric poetry (eulogy, salutation, honoring and elegy), based on the analysis of the theme and the structural levels of the poem (musical, grammatical, verbal and rhetorical) in some of selected poems and also based on their comparison to affection parameters. The findings show that emotion is the main element in Sharif Murtaza’ s ballads and his language and expressions are colored with emotion. His adherence to emotion in his language has made his poems valuable in the literary studies.

Parody is a literary device which distorts and recreates an utterance, style, or plot of an original work. The author tries to investigate this device in TheNew Thousand and One Night by Mohammad AliOlumi. To that end, having described and analyzed the term parody, the author investigates how parody relates to Bakhtin’ s views such as intertextuality and dialogic. Afterwards, applying an analytic and comparative approach, the samples of this devicein TheNew Thousand and One Night are studied. The findings show that The New Thousand and One Nights is a sub-text which bears a comic and purposeful relationship with its original work, Thousand and One Night, by recreating the characters, plot, and utterance.

This paper deals with analyzing symbolism and its various manifestations in contemporary poetry of Palestine. There is no doubt that resistance literature aims at revealing the oppressive face of enemy and unveiling its evil and animosity against oppressed nations. Therefore, this literature makes efforts to use all expressive tools and capabilities to describe the enemy’ s conspiracies and frauds against different nations. The Palestinian poet has used the technique of symbolism as an effective tool for stating intellectual viewpoints and his suppressed emotions as well as depicting the atrocities and crimes of the Zionist Regime to the Palestine’ s oppressed nation. This is why he has taken symbolism resources from history, religion, nature and literature. This study has reached to this conclusion that symbolism in this poetry collection has significant purposes among which we can refer to the influence on the audiences, persuading their emotions, and creating common understanding on the poetic topics.

The universal literature is an emerging theory in the field of literarycriticism and comparative literature whose theoretical foundations are evolving. According to this theory, universal literature is a theory that seeks to examine and evaluate the mechanism of text’ s transnational perception and investigate its presence in the world of literature and all this conducted through the examination of the elements of universal literature. Among those who have contributed to the development of this theory, one can mention David Damrosch and Hosam Al Khatib. The present paper seeks to integrate, in addition to theoretical explanation of the concept of universal literature, to analyze and develop the elements of universal literature in the novel TheBeggar by Nagiub Mahfouz. The results of the article suggest that the author has been able to achieve universal fame by translating his works in more than twenty languages Having received the Noble Prize.