NANOMEDICINE RESEARCH JOURNAL
Year:2020 | Volume:5 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

Objective(s): Biodegradable polymers are featured with notable potentials for biotechnology and bioengineering purposes. Still, there are limitations in their applicability so that in many cases composite forms are used. The present study is focused on chitosan (CS), gelatin (GEL), honey (H) and aloe vera (AV) for preparation of thin films. Methods: To prepare the thin film, CS and GEL with ratio of 8 % was used. Similarly, AV, honey and wheat germ oil (WGO) was prepared with 20: 20: 2 ratio. Afterward, the solution was poured in petri dishes. The dishes were stored at room temperature for 24h until the film was formed. Then, CS/PEO/H, CS/PEO/ AV, CS/PEO/H/AV nanofibers electrospinning was done on CS/GEL/H, CS/GEL/AV, CS/GEL/H/AV thin films, respectively. Results: The results of antibacterial activity, fibroblast cells culture and hemolytic activity were examined. The results of antibacterial tests revealed that thin films containing honey had antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results of fibroblast cells on the prepared samples indicated more than 90% of the cells are alive. Also, hemolytic activity results indicate that the samples are non-hemolytic. Conclusions: Considering the biological properties of the thin films, they could be used as a biomaterial for antibacterial wound dressing.

Objective(s): Iranian researchers have enriched conventional engine oil with nanoparticles at the Institute of Petroleum Research and hope that this product can replace conventional engine oil due to the improved effects of copper nanoparticles on oils. the purpose of this study was to investigate the pathological effect of engine oil enriched with copper nanoparticles on the rat. Methods: In this study, 72 female rat were randomly divided into 8 experimental groups, and three treatment groups (repeated) oral doses of 2000 mg /kg and 5000 mg /kg engine oil containing and without copper nanoparticles in three treatment groups at 30 minutes, 4 hours and 24 hours. Results: In treatment group A and B, oral dose of 5000 mg/kg engine oil containing and without copper nanoparticles showed a significant positive correlation with lethality at 30 minutes, 4 hours and 24 hours. p <0. 001). Also in treatment group C, oral dose of 5000 mg/kg engine oil without copper nano particle showed a positive and significant correlation with lethality in 24 hours (p<0. 001). Severe hypertension in the cortex and medulla of the kidney, severe hepatocyte swelling, severe hyperemia in the alveolar wall, anaplasmosis like changes and changes in the depth of the intestinal crypts, Were the most important observations of the pathological sections of different tissues at the engine dose of mg /kg. Contains copper nanoparticles. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the toxic effects of engine oil containing copper nanoparticles were no more than those of engine oil without copper nanoparticles.

This study was conducted to examine the synthesis of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles, using the hydroethanolic extract of Citrus aurantium flowers, through the application of Iron chlorides, (II) and (III), and Zinc Acetate. The as-synthesized ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles was adequately dispersed and stabilized in an aqueous solution through biological ligands extracted from C. aurantium flowers, a widely distributed plant used in the folk medicine. The active groups existing in the crude extract particularly the polyphenol compounds act like reducers and stabilizers to synthesis of nanoparticles. The synthesized magnetic nanoparticles have been identified using various practical techniques, including UV–Vis spectroscopy, TEM, DLS, XRD, FT-IR, XPS analyses, etc. The EDS and FT-IR methods were capable of detecting the presence of the Zinc element inside the nanocomposite structure. However, magnetic properties of the Zn ferrite materials are reduced significantly due to the agglomeration, particularly in aqueous solution. In this research, it was attempted to synthesize polyphenol coated Zn ferrite through the green synthesis method in order to prevent agglomeration among the nanoparticles. The FT-IR and TEM techniques confirmed the presence of polyphenols on the surface of ZnFe2O4 ferrite. Meanwhile, the XRD and TEM results indicated that both degree of crystallinity and particle size of the materials increased with an increase in the precipitation temperature.

Conclusions: This experiment showed that coffee residues extracts can be used for green synthesis of nanoparticles, which also have an appropriate antibacterial effect.

Conclusions: Finally, it seems that Au-nanorods/g-C3N4 composite modified glassy carbon electrode is a good candidate for cancer diagnosis in the early stages.

Objective(s): The present work represents the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Withania coagulans extract and its antibacterial property. The synergy, additive, bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles was determined against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi, and Vibrio cholerae. Methods: The green silver nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy. The Agar dilution, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Bacterial Growth Inhibition methods were used for the determination of the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles. The Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index method was performed to check the synergistic activity of conjugated silver nanoparticles. Results: The Withania coagulans extract were reduced the silver nitrate into silver nanoparticles which was confirmed by color changes and spectral analysis. The silver nanoparticles were crystalline, elemental and spherical. The antibacterial activity was reported in silver nanoparticles which confirmed by zone of inhibition and pores on the surface of bacteria. The conjugated silver nanoparticles with Levofloxacin have synergy and additive behavior against the tested bacteria. Furthermore, bacteriostatic and bactericidal nature of silver nanoparticles was reported in lower (<20 μ g/ml) and higher concentration (>50 μ g/ml) respectively. Conclusions: The phenolic compounds of W. coagulans was responsible for the formation of silver nanoparticles. The bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal activity of silver nanoparticles depends upon its concentration. The conjugation of silver nanoparticles with antibiotics may be beneficial due to its synergy and additive effect against the bacteria.

Objective(s): External radConclusions: we can conclude that by applying these spherical Bi2O3 NPs, dose absorption of the tumor will increase up to 31% which means the efficacy of radiotherapy can be maintained by lower applied dose to the tumor and healthy cells.iotherapy is the most common method of radiotherapy which the most important problem associated with is that there is no difference between healthy and tumor tissues in dose absorption. One way to differentiate the dose sensitivity is to use metal-based nanoparticles. Bismuth oxide nanoparticles are good candidates for cancer radiotherapy. In this study, the dose enhancement effect of the synthesized spherical Bi2O3 NPs was investigated in 6 MV external radiotherapy. Methods: Bi2O3 were synthesized and GENIPIN gel dosimeter was produced and divided into two equal portions, one part to fill vials containing pure gel and the other part to be added to a specified amount of nanoparticles to give a concentration of 0.1 mM. Then, the irradiation of the pure gel and gel vials containing the NPs was performed one day after manufacture by a 6 MV external radiotherapy device. Gel readout was performed using spectrophotometer and absorption-dose curves were achieved. Results: results show that spherical Bi2O3 NPs cause a decrease in GENIPIN absorbance range compared to gel without NPs. The slope of the absorbance-dose curve in presence of NPs is 0.038 which is more than this slop in the pure gel (0.029) which indicates a DEF of 1.31 in the usage of these NPs in the tumor.

This study describes the fabrication techniques for two forms of magnetic DNA nanotubes (MDNTs) and their applications as platforms for developing colorimetric assays. The first form of MDNTs was DNTs filled-up with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and the second one was DNTs arayed with MNPs on their extrior surfaces. Then the both forms of MDNTs were employed as platforms for attaching a specific insulin aptamer. The sensitivity and accuracy of the insulin measurement using both platforms were studied and compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as the standard method for the measurement of insulin in cliniccal laboratories. Applying the magnetic field to MDNTs led to enhance the ability of insulin capturing by the aptamer array in serum and subsequently by removing unspecified contents led to precised detection. For specific detection of insulin and its measurement in this study, a G-rich DNA aptamer with HRP-mimicking activity was used that simulated the peroxidase performance when the insulin was trapped with the aptamer. The presence of MDNTs made a high flexibility, a greater convergence of the connectivity to superficial aptamers, and hence the availability of these aptamers to increase the target molecules and subsequently increased the sensitivity of the measurements. This colorimetric method can be used as a novel biosensores for detection of any target molecules.

Nanomaterials are increasingly used to the targeting of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as an alternative to antibiotics. Bacterial infections are a major cause of chronic infections and mortality. People requirement for new materials for pathogenic bacteria treatment. It seems that nanomaterial-based strategies can be resolving this problem. In this research, improved antibacterial nanofibrous material using the synthesis of novel blend nanofibers by electrospinning method against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. First, Honey as a natural, biocompatible and antimicrobial compound (with different percentages) was added to the PDDA solution and the influence of processing parameters on the morphology of the electrospun blend nanofibers were investigated. The results showed that a bead-free morphology of nanofibers with uniform diameter achieved at the concentration ratio of 40/60% (PDDA/honey), the flow rate of 0.8 mL/h and the high voltage of 17kV. The sample with optimum morphology was cross-linked by glutaraldehyde at different crosslinking times. Evaluation of the water absorption property of nanofibers showed the absorption capacity of 4.9 g/g. Then, the in-vitro antibacterial activity of nanofiber investigated against gram-positive and gram-negative strains, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Afterward, novel nanofiber antibacterial activity studied against pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The MIC values indicated that the ratio of 40/60% PDDA/honey nanofiber induced about 99.9% bacterial death for both strains. Moreover, the novel PDDA/honey nanofibers showed suitable antibacterial activity (98.89 %) against pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, the results showed a large reduction of bacterial numbers and evidently presented novel nanofibers as new antimicrobial agents...

Objective(s): This study is an attempt to investigate the effect of nano-liposome containing voriconazole on voriconazole-resistant A. flavus strains on the one hand, and to consider the expression of cyp51A and MDR1genes, regarded as important genes involved in the development of resistance to triazoles before and after voriconazole and voriconazole-loaded nano-liposomes exert their effects, on the other hand. Methods: Strains of A. flavus isolated from patients were investigated and their susceptibility to voriconazole was determined. Next, having applied a slight modification to the thin film hydration-sonication technique, the liposomal formulation of voriconazole was produced. After that, the voriconazole-loaded nano-liposome was subjected to in-vitro antifungal susceptibility testing to obtain minimum inhibitory concentration against fungal isolates. The qRT-PCR instrument was used to measure mRNA levels of Cyp51A and MDR1. Results: The effect of nano-liposome containing voriconazole on the reduction of MIC in A. flavus isolates were considered to be significant. After using MIC50 concentration of VCZ, the cyp51A gene expression in voriconazole-susceptible A. flavus strains and voriconazole-resistant strains 10folds and 7folds depicted a downregulation, respectively, which was more pronounced in the expression of a liposomal formulation of VCZ (13folds and 15folds respectively). This procedure was applied exactly to MDR1, even though it induced 1, 2, 3, 4-fold reductions. Conclusions: Considering the benefits of liposome-containing voriconazole formulation, such as the reduction of the side effects of the pure drug as well as minimizing the drug's toxicity coupled with the enhanced drug bioavailability and stability, the formulation can be used in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant species.