BAGH-E NAZAR
Year:2021 | Volume:18 | Issue:96|Papers Count:8

Problem statement: Evaluation of conservation interventions performed on historical monuments is the basis for exchanging experiences, modifying approaches in choosing intervention methods and preventing irreparable errors in their conservation. Due to the complexity of the evaluation process and the failure to provide strategies that can make the result reliable by enhancing the validity of this evaluation; in Iran, interventions are either not evaluated or often evaluated tastefully without a specific strategy. Research objective: This study aims to extract the factors affecting the reliability of the evaluations, which are carried out with the approach of determining the scientific validity of the interventions. moreover, it aims to achieving an approach to increase the validity of the evaluation process and the accuracy of the results and applying it to a case study for the proposed strategy test. Research method: In this applied research, first, the factors affecting the reliability of evaluation using documentary studies and descriptive analysis have been extracted from conservation texts and Charters. Then, through qualitative analysis, logical and strategic reasoning methods were developed for evaluation. In order to evaluate the effect of the case study and to test the approach, The values of the object and the conservationist’ s priorities and objectives at the time of the intervention were provided to local conservationists by a semistructured in-depth interview. Finally, the results of the survey which was conducted using a questionnaire were qualitatively analyzed and presented. Conclusion: The findings show that for qualitative evaluation of conservation interventions, an approach based on the principle of participatory understanding of the work, reference to the five principles of protection and promotion of evaluator’ s awareness of the five principles and values of the object can be used. Also, the application of the resulting strategy on Khajeh Atabak tomb showed that the degree of validity and scientific reliability of the intervention in the conservation of stucco decoration is prior to the vault hooping.

Problem statement: From the late twentieth century onwards, with the advent of globalization, architecture became a tool for branding to turn cities into places of capital attraction. This policy encouraged architecture to separate from the context and create contrast. As a result, the architecture turned into specialized knowledge and artistic work and was separated from everyday life. Research objective: Architecture and everyday life have distant and nearby aspects and are the context for emerging the distant and nearby disciplines. The current study has dealt with the distant aspect of modern architecture and later on. The architecture can improve the aspects of everyday life that are in the lower layers by applying the knowledge of human sciences and social science and affect the human community. Research method: The current study tries to explain the relationship and effect between architecture and everyday life using retroductive approach. First, the concept of everyday life is investigated in a descriptive-analytical study and using the documentation studies. Then, the current study introduces the space manifestations of everyday life according to the perspectives of various thinkers and using the qualitative content analysis, studies these opinions and introduces its components and categories. Conclusion: The findings of the current research indicate that architecture is not limited to an objective or subjective phenomenon and it cannot be reduced to the form and function. The architecture knowledge has three components of knowledge, art and value that have been neglected in the post-modern era. Everyday life also has three components of spatial practice, representation of space and representational space and each component of the architecture affects the aspects of everyday life. The current research addressed the value components of architecture and the representational space of everyday life as a part of the further aspects of architecture and everyday life. Architecture helps reduce the dominance of the different systems on space and improve everyday life in public spaces. Therefore, architecture is specialized knowledge, an art and simultaneously linked with everyday life.

Problem statement: The meaning of a place is a factor that distinguishes that particular place from other places and spaces. The meaning of place can be examined from two aspects: mental and objective or physical dimensions. The purpose of this study is to explain the meaning in the architecture of religious buildings of the Safavid period of Isfahan, using the analysis of physical features of their architectural space. Research objectives: The present study seeks to answer the central question which of the mosque spaces has more meaning in physical terms and what is the reason for the significance of mosque spaces? For this purpose, among the historical periods, the Safavid period, which has semantic values and among the religious buildings, the Ali Mosque of Isfahan, which is used for prayers, was selected as a case study. Research method: The research method in the present study is descriptive-analytical. Its analysis method also uses space Syntax method, analysis of interviews by protege software and statistical analysis by Spss 22 software and analysis of architectural morphological components such as integration, permeability, variety, intelligibility, transparency, scale and proportion, flexibility and spatial unity in different spaces of Ali Mosque. Conclusion: After analyzing the maps by “ DepthMap” software, distributing and analyzing the questionnaire and interviewing the statistical population, it was concluded that the yard due to the location between other spaces and establishing communication and access to them in addition to transparency and continuity. Visual vision has a higher degree of integration. Among the spaces of the mosque, the users of Ali Mosque consider the courtyard to have physical components, through which the space is called meaningful. The achievements of this research can be used in designing meaningful architecture according to its physical components and in designing new mosques according to new requirements and needs.

Problem statement: Since the time of Reza Shah Pahlavi, development and action in the city have been the result of “ interaction between the city and laws” bound by “ enforcing centralized laws” . They have been formed based on integrated rules and regulations issued in the form of development plans and comprehensive and detailed plans for urban areas. Accordingly, the development of urban spaces and their interventions have been limited to mathematical numbers and quantitative criteria rather than to be treated as a qualitative issue and be based on citizens’ perceptions. Anything related to the quality of urban landscape has been proposed through local and conceptual plans or attached to the master plan and detailed plan. Research objectives: This study draws upon the conceptual model of the urban landscape to compare development programs with citizens’ interpretation of the city. In doing so, this study attempts to identify the shortcomings of development plans and programs and show how the drawbacks have been the major culprit of the quality decline of the city’ s landscape during the transition from a traditional city to a modern city. Research method: The qualitative research methods has been used for this study within the phenomenological paradigm. The study has been conducted in four phases. Conclusion: Despite the influence of the government in the development of the city until the end of Qajar, people’ s actions and the city developments by the government took place in lived spaces, which were based on the experience-perception of citizens. The transition from the traditional city to a modern city in Shiraz started at the time of Reza Shah when there was a strong desire for maximum order and standardization. This led to the transformation of three-dimensional lived spaces based on citizens’ experience-perception into two-dimensional and laboratory abstract spaces. In interpreting the current situation, recognizing objects in the city based on natural sciences and overlooking citizens’ interpretations of the city has led to reductionism in recognizing the city and, thus, urban actions. It seems that the cause of the crisis has been the perception of citizens of the city.

Problem statement: Environmental issues and energy crisis are among the problems of contemporary man for which the local architecture in hot and arid areas in Iran has offered some wise solutions. This kind of architecture could obtain great success in thermal balancing with the help of suitable materials and knowledge of the local architects. That is why recognizing the patterns of this architecture can be useful for designing modern houses. This research studies the structural components of Yazd Qajar houses in the hot and arid areas of Iran. The statistical population of this study contains ten traditional houses in Qajar era because most of these buildings have been built in this period. Research objective: The main objective of this research is recognizing the structural components of the vernacular houses in hot and arid areas in Iran. The main questions are about the ways the structural components of this area could reach to a climatic accordance. Research method: The correlation method has been used for finding the relations between different spaces and geometric patterns. Data analysis and achieving to the conclusions have been done by comparison and induction. After doing field studies and collecting data, the measured dimensions of the structural components have been presented in different tables. The design standards used by traditional architects and also the structural patterns have been surveyed. The proportions and spatial relations between various areas have been investigated. According to the aim, this is a quantitative-qualitative research. Conclusion: The correct proportions of the structural components in hot and arid areas in Iran have been reported. This study pointed out that this kind of architecture (in its entirety and details) is in harmony with climatic conditions. Obtained results indicated that these traditional houses could provide the comfort of the residents. The results of this research show the success of traditional architects in reducing consumption of energy. The findings of this study may contribute to the knowledge of architects in new residential design and reduce energy expenses.

Problem statement: Panje Shah is one of the oldest neighborhoods of Kashan and has special authenticity. Any action in it must be in line with maintaining its authenticity. The revival of the historical fabric of Kashan has so far been concentrated in a specific area and other areas have been abandoned. This approach has isolated other valuable areas and taken them away from their original form. In the past, the center of Panje Shah Neighborhood was a complex including the tomb of Harun Ibn Musa (AS), Aqashah bath, several passages and chambers, Sharbafi workshops, Spinning, Oil mill, Caravanserai, and Ab-Anbar. This complex, as an important center, has played a significant role for the residents of the neighborhood. Urban development in recent years and the expansion of the Baba Afzal Street have destroyed this complex, its isolation, lack of proper understanding of it, and losing its original form. Today, only the tomb, the Ab-Anbar, and a number of its chambers remain separately from this complex. Such changes have caused the disruption of the cohesive structure of the neighborhood, the gradual destruction of buildings, losing its social value, and diminishing of its originality and local identity. The remaining monuments serve as historical evidence for the future generation and residents of this historic neighborhood to remind them of the authenticity and identity of this area. Now, these historical monuments are also in a state of disarray, and it is feared that after a while, no trace of the passage chambers will remain. Research objective: The purpose of this paper is to study and identify the existing challenges of this context, strengths, and opportunities, weaknesses, and threats facing it. Research method: The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical and historical; first, based on library studies, international documents and laws on intervention in historical contexts and field research have been used to describe and interpret the current context and its challenges. Then, by measuring the problem strategies based on the SWOT technique, multiple protective, managerial, offensive, and competitive strategies for intervening in the context are presented. Using a strategic plan, a plan is developed as a framework for revitalization and intermediate design in the context. Conclusion: Findings show that this context requires three general qualitative and organizing strategies, preservation, revitalization, and solutions that suggest a physical and functional program.

Problem statement: Dance, one of the seven arts that date back to human civilization, is a sequence of purposeful and symbolic human movements that have aesthetic value, and its actors perform and exhibit various manifestations of it in different cultures. This human art has a high capacity for individual development, social and cultural development, and can be turned into a symbolic capital so that it can lead to the development of tourism in the country. Dance, like other areas of human manifestation, can include a range from vulgarity to transcendence. Research objective: this research is necessary because it shows that if the high aspects and works of this art are reread and promoted, the numerous benefits of its implementation at the community level can be taken advantage and it can be planned as symbolic capital, and through it flourishment in the field of cultural and creative tourism can be achieved. Research method: In this article by conducting bibliographical studies and descriptiveanalytical research methods, the research question have been answered. Conclusion: The results of this article by analyzing dance in the individual and social domains show that this long-standing human art increases the richness of body, soul, and community because it causes the perception of the joy of living in the present and the experience of a sense of liberation and piousness and increases vitality, and leads to social rationality and tolerance, and the scientific, policy-making and executive community of the country should pay more attention to this neglected domain and reduce the individual, social and national losses that have befallen us so far.

Problem statement: Recent global experiences have shown that culture-led regeneration has played a crucial role in the urban life quality, particularly in historical-cultural areas. Given the rich cultural background of Iran, the experiences of the recent decade in this country are indicative of a growing tendency toward this approach. A holistic analysis of the literature could easily indicate that there is no clear procedure to identify and develop culture-led regeneration strategies, and the majority of studies have only addressed the achievements of the previous experiences. Research objective: The main achievement of the study is introducing a comprehensive process which identifies and prioritizes culture-led regeneration strategies based on the nature of each district. Research method: Based on a case study of the historical district of Feizabad in the city of Kermanshah with its remarkable cultural assets as well as the recent cultural projects conducted in this district, the present study seeks to combine quantitative and qualitative techniques and develop strategies appropriate to the district under study by using content analysis, interpretative-historical analysis, and space syntax analysis. In the process of identifying strategies, first, a conceptual model of practical strategies and policies of culture-led regeneration is devised based on global literature. Next, the process goes through four steps to identify appropriate strategies for culture-led regeneration in Kermanshah as well as other historical cities in Iran. These steps include analysis of cultural assets, identification of cultural projects in the area and evaluation of the residents’ image of these projects, prioritization of the strategies derived from the conceptual model using the opinions of both experts and residents and finding the appropriate places which adapt to the strategies. Conclusion: Based on our findings, the high-priority strategies in Feizabad Neighborhood include the role of local actors, improvement of the quality of the urban environment, reuse of valuable or abandoned buildings, and mixed-use development.