Preventive Care in Nursing and Midwifery Journal
Year:2021 | Volume:11 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Background: Diabetes is one of the most common disorders in old age and affects the quality of life of the elderly. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life in the elderly with diabetes and determine the factors associated with it. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 130 elderly with diabetes referred to endocrinology clinics affiliated to Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was done in an easy and accessible way. Data collection tools included a demographic information questionnaire and a 36-item short-form survey (SF36). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16 software. For descriptive statistics, mean ± standard deviation and frequency (percentage), and analytical statistics, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used. Results: The majority of participants in the study were female (56. 2%), in the age range of 60-74 years (68. 5%), and married (70%). The mean total score of quality of life was 46. 33± 16. 45. The mean score of total quality of life was statistically significantly related to age, marital status, place of residence, employment status, duration of diabetes, and level of education (P<0. 05). However, there was no statistically significant relationship with gender (P=0. 436). Conclusion: The quality of life of the elderly was lower than standard. Older age, loneliness, longer duration of diabetes, rural living, unemployment, and illiteracy were associated with decreased quality of life of the elderly with diabetes; Therefore, it is suggested that policymakers consider the factors identified in this study in future planning to improve the quality of life of elderly with diabetic.

Background: Paying attention to the psychological health of pregnant women, especially during the critical time of the coronavirus outbreak, is a major global concern, especially in Iran. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between coping self-efficacy and social support with the psychological well-being of pregnant women referring to health centers during the coronavirus outbreak. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 365 pregnant women aged 16-42 years referred to health centers in Hamadan in 2020. A demographic questionnaire, the short form of the Ryff psychological well-being scale, the Zimet multidimensional scale of perceived social support, and the coping self-efficacy scale developed by Chesney et al. were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 statistical software. Results: Our results showed that the problem-based (beta coefficient of 0. 25), emotion-based (beta coefficient of 0. 21), and social-based (beta coefficient of 0. 19) coping styles had a significant role in pregnant women’ s psychological well-being at an error level of < 0. 05. Among the components of perceived social support, the family’ s (beta coefficient of 0. 24) and others’ (beta coefficient of 0. 17) support rendered significant results. The regression of psychological well-being score with coping self-efficacy (beta coefficient of 0. 25) and perceived social support (beta coefficient of 0. 22) was statistically significant at an error level of <0. 05. Conclusion: Coping self-efficacy and perceived social support can affect the psychological well-being of pregnant women. So, abnormalities in these variables can lead to psychological problems in these individuals, which can be prevented by timely screening and providing counseling to the mother and her family, especially the spouse.

Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is the fourth most common and the second deadly cancer in the world. Various theories have been proposed to identify the characteristics of individuals and their surrounding environments that somehow affect their behaviors. The health belief model (HBM) is one of the theories that are useful for studying health problems and designing programs to prevent diseases and injuries. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine PC screening behaviors based on HBM in men aged 40-70 years old in Fasa city, Fars province, Iran. Methods: This was a descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study performed on 400 men aged 40-70 years in 2019. The data collection instrument was a standard questionnaire used in Anderson’ s study, whose validity and reliability have been confirmed. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 using descriptive (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential (the Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression) statistics at the significance level of p<0. 05. Results: The mean age of the participants in this study was 54. 24± 5. 46 years. The mean number of children was 2. 84± 1. 84. According to the results, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and perceived self-efficacy positively correlated with PC screening behaviors, and there was a significant inverse relationship between perceived barriers and PC screening behaviors. Conclusion: The use of behavioral models such as HBM can be useful to implement appropriate plans to encourage PC screening behaviors.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has become a great threat to public health and affected the study and lives of undergraduate students in Iran. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitude of students towards COVID-19 at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 151 students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences from July 8 to July 14 in 2020. Convenience sampling was conducted based on the census method after completing and signing a consent form. The data were collected using an online questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS 61 software and the statistical tests of Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Pearson correlation. (P-value≤ 0. 05). Results: The total mean scores of the students’ knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 were 80. 26± 5. 02 and 16. 05± 1. 65, respectively. A positive and significant relationship was found between the students’ total scores of attitude and knowledge towards COVID-19 (r=0. 35, P<0. 05). The total score of knowledge was significantly associated with the field of study (P=0. 004), employment in medical centers (P=0. 004), and voluntarily working during the pandemic (P=0. 039). Conclusion: The present findings indicated that the students were equipped with the right knowledge and attitude towards the COVID-19 pandemic. Since this disease is new, and authentic academic centers come up with daily updates on relevant information about the prevention, treatment, symptoms, and transmission of the disease, health policymakers and the directors of training centers are recommended to make continuous efforts to promote and upgrade medical sciences students’ information about the disease.

Background: Children with parents suffering from schizophrenia are at risk of different challenges as they are more vulnerable to experiencing physical, mental, and social health problems. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the needs of children whose parents suffer from schizophrenic disorder, in Qazvin, Iran. Methods: In this qualitative content analysis study, children were selected using purposive sampling method. The inclusion criteria were no history of mental disorders in children and living with parents, one of whom was suffering from schizophrenia. The data were collected using interviews, observations, and note-taking, and the data collection continued until data saturation was reached. Then the collected data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis. Results: The main theme extracted in this study was "support" with economic, psychological, and informational subthemes. Conclusion: The needs of the children having parents with schizophrenic disorders have been changing from their childhood because of tensions aroused by the parent's illness. According to the findings, it is recommended to promote information and education on mental illness at the community level to the extent possible. Moreover, the families and relatives of these patients are also suggested to receive such training. Furthermore, a support system for the children with mentally-ill parents would be efficient to prevent problems.

Background: Severe early childhood caries is the most important dental problem among children younger than three years of age. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between time and manner of weaning and severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed in Kerman, Iran, in 2020. The study population consisted of 130 mothers and their children aged 18 to 30 months with and without S-ECC who visited the health centers in Kerman. Clinical examinations of the children's teeth were carried out with a dental mirror by a trained dentist after drying the surfaces of the maxillary incisors. The presence or absence of S-ECC was marked in a relevant checklist. Then, the mothers were asked to answer questions about the way they feed their children and the weaning method used in case of weaning off their children. Finally, data was analyzed using t-test in SPSS version 16. Results: The mean age of the children was 24. 4± 4. 7 months, and 52% of them were girls. Most of the mothers had used the traditional methods to wean their children. The mean age at weaning was 23. 8 months. There was a significant relationship between the age at which the child was weaned and S-ECC. In other words, children with S-ECC were significantly older at weaning than those children without S-ECC (p<0. 05). Conclusion: Children with S-ECC had a longer breastfeeding period than children without S-ECC; thus, it seems that one of the reasons for the high prevalence of such caries in children in Kerman could be the longer period of breastfeeding or bottle-feeding. Therefore, an appropriate pattern of breastfeeding is effective in preventing S-ECC.

Background: Emergency personnel are frequently exposed to high-risk physical and psychological factors that lead to increased occupational stress. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aromatherapy with rosa damascena essential oil on nurses' occupational stress in the emergency department. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted among sixty nurses in the trauma center of Besat Hospital, Tehran. The participants were selected by the convenience sampling method, and then randomly assigned to the aromatherapy with essential oil of Rosa damascena and control groups. Intervention in the experimental and control groups consisted of inhalation cotton swabs impregnated with two drops of essential oil of 40% Rosa damascena (Gole Mohammadi) and cotton soaked with two drops of distilled water as a placebo for 2 minutes, respectively. Nurses' stress level was assessed by the Nursing Stress Scale before and after the intervention. To analyze the data, independent t-test, paired t-test, and ANCOVA were performed in SPSS, version 22. Results: The mean age of the nurses was 29. 07 ± 5. 495 years, and the majority of them had a bachelor's degree. The results of this study showed that stress scores in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group after the intervention (p<0. 0001). The effect size was-1. 5, which was large and desirable. Nurses' occupational stress scores in the experimental group diminished significantly after the intervention (p=0. 012). Conclusion: It is recommended to use complementary therapies such as aromatherapy with rose essential oil to reduce occupational stress in nurses. Further studies with larger sample sizes and in other occupational groups are recommended.

Background: According to Adler, lifestyle reflects the individual’ s unique, unconscious, and repetitive way of responding to or avoiding main living routines: friendship, love, work, spirituality, family, and selfacceptance. Lifestyle is related to spirituality, as well as the life solutions chosen by a person. Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the relationship between psychological lifestyle and spiritual intelligence in women. Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, all the women referred to counseling centers and health clinics in districts five and six of Tehran in 2020. The participants were 400 women who met our inclusion criteria and volunteered to participate in the study, chosen by the convenience sampling method. For calculating the sample size, we used the Cochran formula. The data were collected using the Self-Report Measure of Spiritual Intelligence (King & DeCicco, 2009) and Adlerian-Based Lifestyle Assessment (Curlette, Wheeler, & Kern, 1993) tools. The collected data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test by SPSS 16. Results: The results indicated that 32% of the women were 26 to 30 years old, 38. 75% of them had a diploma, and 35. 2% had two children. The findings showed a significant and positive relationship between lifestyle and spiritual intelligence (P<0. 01), indicating that the higher a person’ s lifestyle score was, the higher his/her level of spiritual intelligence would be. Conclusion: Studies have shown that lifestyle, a sense of belonging, going along, taking charge, wanting recognition, and being cautious, plays a decisive role throughout a person’ s social, professional, marital, and physical lives, as well as his/her spiritual intelligence. Our findings can be used for educating, guiding, and counseling women to appropriately modify their life styles.