Mining is the place where has been accumulated metals and stones with economic values. Any harvesting operation requires a license from the industry, mine and trade Organization And criminal reactions in the field seems to be inadequate. The aim of this study preventive mechanism against illegal exploitation of mines in Iran. Data collecting method is documentary and data analysis method is analytical-descriptive. Due to the importance of mines the legislator by the deterrent legislation should be sought to prevent the illegal exploitation of mines, unfortunately, this procedure is not coherent and it shows in exchange of illegal exploitation of mines the criminal policy of Iran, More repressive to preventive aspects. Pointed out that the illegal exploitation of mines has always been a major challenge for the country, therefore, it is important to resort to pre-emptive ways. According to the teachings of criminology, applying various forms of social and situational prevention can also play an important role in controlling the illegal exploitation of the mines. Education and awareness, promotion of popular and situation culture, including measures of social prevention and control measures applying in its aspects, are among the situational prevention strategies that can be used to reduce the incidence of illegal exploitation of mines.