STUDIES ON KASHAN
Year:2021 | Volume:14 | Issue:1 (26)|Papers Count:6

Kashan, like other cities, in addition to geographical, demographic, and religious features has a popular culture, a part of which is proverbs. Proverbs are short, simple, yet meaningful sayings that are often related to the various fields of study which affect people's thoughts and actions. Thus they seem necessary for to be studied from various perspectives. In this research, an attempt has been made to examine those proverbs with criminological themes from a qualitative-content method. Proverbs in this city are very rich in content; for example, they identify the causes of crime and they offer strategies for crime prevention as well. Studies have shown that in general, in the conversations of Kashani people, there are 62 proverbs related to the field of criminology, of which about 27 proverbs belong to the three fields of psychology, biology, and criminal sociology, each of which has a specific perspective. The study of the phenomenon of crime and its causes have shown that criminal sociology in the form of 5 theories--of anomie, social learning, ecology, label, and pressure--has the highest frequency. Among these five theories, the theory of social learning is the most frequent one. 35 Proverbs are in the field of crime prevention strategies and reflect the types of non-criminal prevention--i. e., social prevention and crime prevention--in which social prevention has a high frequency.

Sustainable architecture is an approach in architecture that takes into account environmental considerations while meeting human needs. this approach ends in an effective use of natural resources in designing and construction. Preliminary studies of indigenous and historical architecture show the manifestations of different dimensions of sustainable architecture in this architecture. Over time, traditional architects, based on their numerous experiences, have developed and implemented designs that are compatible with the natural environment while in harmonizing and modeling the surrounding nature, . The historical context of Kashan, as a part of valuable local heritage that has a luxurious traditional architecture, is no exception, and its architecture has been formed in accordance with the environmental conditions. In this paper, in a descriptive and analytical method while using library resources and field surveys, various aspects of environmental sustainability are investigated, and the components of sustainability are extracted from this aspect. Furthermore, , the historical bazaar of Kashan is identified as an important part from the cultural, social, and economic perspectives of the historical context of the city. Besides, this area, based on the framework formed in the theoretical foundations of the research, is evaluated, and its situation in terms of sustainability as well as strength and weakness in relation to environmental sustainability is determined. The results show that factors such as the climate-friendly design to preserve resources, the use of indigenous materials, human design, and building reliability have caused this market to be in a good condition in terms of environmental sustainability. However, disrupting the market order by establishing new arteries, neglecting the strengthening of its structure, and permitting human interventions, all, have damaged its stability.

Man has always adhered to his national, ancient, mythical, and religious traditions and ceremonies; he also has placed great value on them and tried to preserve them. Some traditions are so much parts of a culture that even political and religious revolutions have not been able to challenge them or break with them, even though they may have been given new names. One of these traditions is the ceremony of Omar-Koshoon, which is probably a modified version of an old Iranian ceremony. This tradition which is still cherished, though more secretly, has a history of several centuries in some cities of Iran, especially Kashan. What is called "Omar-Koshoon Show" in this article is based on an older form practiced in Kashan and several other cities in Iran, not the form that is now held in many cities in Iran. In this article, we first refer to the roots and historical backgrounds of Omar-Koshoon in Iran and Kashan and, then, compare it with some other Iranian and Babylonian celebrations. Afterwards, we compare it with Mire Nowrouzi. It seems that Omar-Koshoon and its Shiite-like form has been rooted in Mogh-Koshi ]Megaphonia[ (or Mire Nowrouzi in Islamic era). There are some similarities between these two ceremonies in terms of performance, manners, and the clothing of the organizers, while both rejoicing and breaking away from legal and religious constraints on the days of the performance.

Manuscripts are among the most important written scientific, cultural, and artistic heritage of mankind communicating historical, religious, literary, cultural, and artistic information. The late Mullah Mohammad Hassan Nasehi Taherabadi was one of the famous scholars of Taherabad, Kashan, who acquired a reputation in asceticism, piety and jurisprudence. Unfortunately, there is nothing left from his works except for a manuscript of Al Wafi-a book by the late Allameh Feyz Kashani. This work indicates features such as calligraphy his mastery of Arabic as well as the breadth of his knowledge of the Quran, hadith, and jurisprudence. Therefore, the authors have tried to briefly introduce Allameh Feyz and his book Wafi by descriptive and analytical methods to study and analyze the content of the bibliographic elements of the manuscript of the late Mullah Mohammad Hassan Nasehi Taherabadi and to review the bibliographic information of this work. Studies have shown that Mullah Mohammad Hassan has been very methodical in transcribing the Wafi version in such a way that he has tried to use various methods to correct mistakes; furthermore, it is possible to understand the accuracy and trustworthiness of Mullah Mohammad Hassan in reproducing this version. On the other hand, the bibliographic analysis of this version can, to some extent, report on the characteristics of the writing style of the scribe in that era and the stylistic features of his period.

One of the effective tools for creating the culture of living morally in the society is the Golden Rule. There have been different readings for this rule, both negative and positive. According to this rule, human beings can have a morally peaceful life only if they treat others as they would like to be treated by them (positive or directive form), and do not treat others in those ways that they would not like to be treated (negative or prohibitive form). This rule, alongside other rational and theological subscriptions among religions, has been noticed by moralists as a moral tool for the proximity among religions. In the Islamic tradition, moral thinkers have also put forth different examples for the Golden Rule, based on Quranic Verses and Ahadith. Feyz-e-Kashani, whose moral thoughts will be considered in this article, in his different books has explainef some of the moral concepts such as compassion, kindness, and tolerance with people as the effective tools for creating the culture of living morally in society. In this article we will try to study the examples of Golden Rule and their functions in Feyz-e-Kashani's moral books.

Today local development depends mainly on the depth and extreme of knowledge about rural and urban communities. Therefore, the higher the number of documents, articles, books, researches, and data bases, the higher the possibilities of andprogress. In this research, the institutional knowledge produced about Kashan after the Revolution ois analyzed. It investigates the production of the collective knowledge by encyclopedic articles and entries which have been published online or in printed versions. Thus, the scientific and methodic assessed articles about Kashan are recognized, found and analyzed in 3 levels. At the global level, Kashan situation has been researched in the encyclopedias of Islam, and Iranica. At the national level, 3 Iranian encyclopedias have been selected. Finally, Kashan studies at the local level has been analyzed by the researches done by Kashan Study Center,-its journal, Kashanica Foundation, and an annual periodical. Globally, Kashan has been noticed considerably in Iranica. However, at the national level, more entries are produced regarding Kashan. However, Kashan Study Center at the local level has produced the most various scientific articles. At last, these factors are compared in knowledge creation, and some implications for further development have been suggested