JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION MANAGEMENT (JHPM)
Year:2013 | Volume:2 | Issue:2 (6)|Papers Count:8

Introduction: Accessing developmental goals and decreasing regional inequality requires regional planning in developing countries. Therefore, it is important to identify developmental position of regions relative to each other. The aim of this study was to classify Kermanshah province townships about situation of health structural enjoyment indicators using Scalogram Model.Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study and it determines health structural enjoyment indicators in townships of Kermanshah province. Data related to indicators were collected in 3 categories of institutional, human resources and rural health by the researcher using statistical yearbook. Data analysis was done using Scalogram Model, Excel 2010 and SPSS/18.Findings: There is a large gap between townships of Kermanshah province in terms of enjoyment of structural indicators of health services. Kermanshah and Javanrud Townships with 81 score and Sarpol-e Zahab Township with 39 score were the highest and lowest scores respectively from enjoyment of health structural indicators. Generally, 50% of townships were in less developed and underdeveloped level whereas 35.72% of townships were in developed level.Conclusion: High development was related to manpower indicator and low development was related to rural health institutional indicator. In order to improve less developed indicators and decrease the difference in enjoyment of health services indicators among townships, it is proposed that, development-oriented planning to be carried out appropriately with levels of development in these townships.

Introduction: Many factors influence patients` sleep and recognizing them can help care givers to provide good care. The aim of this study was to compare view of physicians, nurses and patients in regard to factors relating to sleep disorders in patients.Materials and Methods: This descriptive-comparative study was conducted on 530 patients in medical surgical wards, nurses and physicians of those wards in Kerman Medical University Hospitals. Sampling was done on two stages of quota and consecutive. Data was gathered by “Related Factors of Patients' Sleep” questionnaire with 58 questions about environmental factors, individual-physical, individual-psychological, caring and behaviors before sleep was used.Content validity 0.96, Cronbach alpha 0.86 for questionnaire was confirmed. Data were analyzed by using SPSS/18 software, descriptive statistics, (frequency, mean, SD), independent T- test and ANOVA.Findings: Factors influencing sleep health in view of physicians, nurses and patients were not significant. The most prevalent environmental factor was reported as sleeping on hospital beds and changing the bed, pain as a physical factor, being worry about family and separation from them were as mental problems. The most prevalent habit before sleeping was, talking to others and the major sleep distraction for patients was waking them up for routine nursing cares.Conclusion: Patients hospitalized in medical and surgical wards don’t have good sleep due to several reasons. Nurses can help to improve patients sleep by solving some of these problems. They can arrange a quiet environment, and try to relive some of the physical concerns. In addition they can decrease patients' anxiety by communicating and talking with them. This provides a healthy sleep which ultimately leads to mental and physical health of the patients.

Introduction: Nowadays in the areas of health care, emergency medical personnel are increasingly exposed with issues and situations that are complex and product of the technology, understanding and awareness in the social sectors, health culture promotion, processes of diseases and frequent changes in moral and cultural characteristics. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of problem solving training on decision-making skills in emergency medical students.Materials and Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and posttest design that was performed in 60 graduate emergency medical students in two groups of experimental (30) and control (30). Simple sampling method was used and all students participated in this study. Then, an eight 2 hr session problem solving course was held for the experimental group. To determine the decision making skill the “Decision Making Questionnaire” was used. Content validity (0.87), with eight confirmed cases of teachers and the reliability test (0.84) were obtained using Cronbach's alpha. Data were gathered in pre and post educational program and were analyzed by SPSS/16. T test, paired T test and Squire Chi were also used in this analysis.Findings: Findings revealed that decision making score in emergency medical students is low and problem solving course, positively affected the students ' decision making skill after the program in experimental group (P<0.05) and mean score of 8.66 ±1.89 rose to 11.36±1.62.However, decision making level did not change in control group.Conclusion: In general, findings of this study indicated that the student’s decision making skill has improved. Therefore, this kind of education on problem solving in various emergency medicine domains such as: education, research and management, is recommended.

Introduction: Given the pivotal role of information and communications, academic education has been subject to major revisions and modifications throughout the worldwide. The system may fulfill its role only if it is in an acceptable status in terms of education quality. The aim of present study was to determine the quality of educational service in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences using Servqual Model.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted by descriptive method. The population consisted of all students at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, whom was 2, 322 people. 341 students were selected from statistical population through randomized sampling.Data were collected using a 26-item Servqual Questionnaire. Validity and reliability was confirmed by previous studies. Data were analyzed using t-test of homogeneous groups using SPSS/16.Findings: The findings of the study indicated that the students had higher expectations than received in dimensions of assurance (mean 4.41), responsiveness (mean 4.32), empathy (mean 4.38) and tangibles (mean 4.47). However, the services were at the same level as expectations in the dimension of reliability (mean 4.42).Conclusion: The students’ expectations were higher than the services they received, and they had not complete satisfaction of educational service. The students reported relative satisfaction with the service.

Introduction: The purpose of development plans is expansion of public welfare and justice among urban and rural areas. These plans are good indicators for assessing the performance of country's macro plans. The aim of this study was to assess the relative efficiency of rural health macro management during the third and the early years of fourth development plan.Materials and Methods: This study has been done with descriptive research method and during third plan and the early years of forth plan, between 2000 and 2007. The statistics were derived from official documents and in this regard, three inputs and five outputs indicators, data envelopment analysis mathematical model and DEA master1 software have been used.Findings: During the third and fourth development plan and based on eight indicators, Tehran and Mazandaran provinces are at the top, in terms of efficiency. Totally, the difference between the lowest and highest efficiency in provinces is declining and this is sign of good management in distribution of wealth among different provinces. The sensitivity analysis showed that "ratio of behvarz to 1000 people of rural population" between the input indicators and "percentage of rural households with drinking water network" between output indicators has a great potential among the provinces for more attention and more appropriate usage, due to their least sensitivity. Moreover, the most efficient and sensitive indicator among inputs is "average per capita number of health homes and rural health centers" and the most effective and sensitive index among output is "average cost of health care of rural households, financed by government and for free".Conclusion: The efficient provinces should harmonize their indicators for a proper management of their resources and costs. It means with a good management, they should reduce their sensitive indicators. On the other hand, the inefficient provinces should pay more attention to sensitize their indicators with better usage of their resources and planning for improvement in their outputs.

Introduction: In 21st century obesity has rapidly increased and it has become one of the greatest public health problems worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine related factors with obesity in Tehranian households.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, multivariate analysis was used to estimate the odds of obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) as a function of age, sex, marital status, educational level and smoking by using data from ”Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)”database. In this study 3,935 households participants who were equal or more than 20 years old, were recruited from phase III (2006-2008) of this study. Height of participants was measured to the nearest 5 mm without considering their shoe heels. Weight and height were measured using digital electric scale and meter tape. Data were analyzed by SPSS/16 and SAS version 9.1.Findings: The mean BMI was 26.59 (kg/m2) in men and 27.96 (kg/m2) in women. After adjustment for other variables, obesity odds ratios were 1.01 (P<0.001), 2.10 (P<0.001), and 1.54 (P<0.001) for age, women and married individuals, respectively. There was an inverse significant association between education and obesity. Obesity ORS were 0.83 (P<0.028) for high school and 0.50 (P<0.001) for university educational levels.Conclusion: The results of this study show that related factors in this research are similar to other countries. Therefore, obesity with related factors should be considered in health programming.

Introduction: Body image is complex concern including biological, psychological, internal and external social factors. The present research was conducted in order to determine the correlation of perceived body image and physical activity in women and men according to the different levels of Body Mass Index (BMI).Materials and Methods: The present study was descriptive -correlational method and 264 subjects were selected by random stratified cluster sampling from teachers and staff of Tabriz University and they completed personal and demographic information, “Silhouette Figure Rating” and “Physical Activity Rate” questionnaires. In development the “Silhouette Figure Rating Scale”, concurrent validity with BMI have been reported 0.71 and test-retest reliability 0.78 respectively. In this research concurrent validity with BMI was obtained 0.70. Data were analyzed by SPSS/18.Findings: 33.3 percent of women and 48.8 percent of men in normal weight had correct perception of self body image. Also it was shown that body image almost would explain of 63 percent and 49 percent of BMI variance in men and women respectively. It was shown significant correlation between BMI and body image in women (Fisher's Exact Test=58.84, P<0.0001) and men (Fisher's Exact Test=74.18, P<0.0001). The diagnostic function was obtained in this research correctly classified 59.8 percent of people (158 of 264 people).Conclusion: Obese people have the most and normal weight people have the lowest correct understanding from body image, So that nearly half of those with normal weight understand their less and more of the actual situation. Future research with different method of body image, physical activity and body max index in different group is recommended.

Introduction: Prehospital services in road traffic accidents are one of the critical aspects of prehospital services. The goals of these services in traffic accidents is providing services to clients who need to on time interventions, prevention of disabilities and rapid and safe transportation by trained practitioners. The aim of this article was review the prehospital services by focus on road traffic accidents, in developed and developing countries.Materials and Methods: In this review article for data gathering, data bases of Google Scholar, PubMed, CINAHL and Science Direct searched by key word strategies. Eventually 43 articles since 1999 to 2012 selected.Findings: There are differences in structure, level of services and human resources in prehospital systems that created different patterns in countries. Many countries by strategies such as continuous public and professional education have compensated the weakness of other aspects.Conclusion: Prehospital service systems have several aspects such staffing, education, technology, management and organization. Each country must design their appropriate pattern to provide the best service to community.