RAHYAFT
Year:2020 | Volume:30 | Issue:79|Papers Count:10

Dealing with crises has always been associated with policy complexities and has left policymakers with critical choices; this is especially evident in times of global crisis where all countries are involved and a reliable successful experience has not yet been recorded. The emergence of the new corona virus in late 2019, known as COVID-19, also led to one of the most serious global crises. A review of the policies adopted by policymakers in different countries shows that there is a heterogeneity of policy and governance in the actions and reactions of countries in this period. Although the world is still in crisis, analyzing and comparing these policies and structural measures can have significant lessons for Iranian policymakers. In this research, an attempt has been made to use a comparative study research method and by collecting data related to policies, actors and structures of exposure to different countries during the outbreak of coronavirus from valid databases and their systematic comparison with each other, an analysis of governance Various corona crises are presented in the countries under study and finally policy recommendations are proposed to be used in governing the country in times of crisis.

The popularization of science involves a broad range of activities, including the acceptance, understanding and participation in science that common goal it of bridging the gap between science and the general public. The aim of this paper is to investigate the importance of popularization of science in reducing pseudo-science in the Covid 19 period. In this paper, the method of documentary research has been used. With the prevalence of Covid 19 in the world, the importance of science and its popularization in the world to reduce pseudo-science has increased more than ever. Once again, humans relied on science, scientists, and experts to discover the corona vaccine. Considering that, one of the important goals of popularization of science is to fight against superstition and pseudoscience, critical thinking is one of the tools to combat pseudoscience.

In December 2019, a new Coronavirus, also known as acute respiratory disease, was identified in Wuhan, China, named by the World Health Organization (WHO), COVID-19. One of the most important symptoms of this disease is acute respiratory symptoms, which is 2% of cases that lead to the death of the patient. The virus spread rapidly in China and spread to other countries within a few months. The disease has recently spread to areas in Southeast Asia, East Asia, South Asia, West Asia, Europe, the Americas, and even Australia. Iran is also one of the West Asian countries affected by the disease. Due to the prevalence and transmission of the disease on February 4, the World Health Organization declared a state of emergency and recommended that countries reduce individual-toperson transmission of the disease by reducing contact with people, especially those with illness and staff, and control its global expansion. The current state of corona prevalence has caused mental health problems such as stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia, denial, anger, and fear in people. The results of this study indicate that in the event of an outbreak of infectious diseases with high mortality, the close cooperation of psychiatrists, specialists in other branches of health, local authorities, and health workers in the community is essential. Therefore, early and continuous psychiatric interventions are recommended by the mental health team to minimize the harmful effects of coronavirus disease conditions.

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus Outbreak 2019 (COVID-19) has caused worldwide concern and has affected all aspects of human life. This change in human lifestyle has brought advantages and disadvantages to the environment. Therefore, research on these effects by focusing on the presence and evolution of the COVID-19 virus in water, soil, and other environmental factors, as well as providing solutions to improve the environment, is very important. This study aims to show the direct and indirect positive and negative effects of COVID-19 on the environment. The results indicate that despite the temporarily positive effects of coronavirus on the environment due to implementing lockdown, such as improvement in air quality, environmental noise reduction, cleaner beaches and coastal areas, there are negative short-and long-term effects, such as excessive water consumption, reducing waste recycling, and significant increase of both residential and medical solid waste generation, which leads to pollute or degrade the environment (air, water, and land). Moreover, with the global economic re-launching in most countries in the coming months, it could result in adverse effects such as increasing greenhouse gas emissions.

After the outbreak of coronavirus in the world, the life of humans and living organisms and their environment changed in various ways. The COVID-19 pandemic provided many opportunities and challenges for the environment. The current paper aims to investigate the positive and negative impacts of coronavirus on the environment. This study was conducted by applying the library and review methodology, in a way that current literature and research topics related to the subject were reviewed and analyzed. Results show that, as humans stay indoors to prevent the spread of COVID-19, animals feel safe, get out of their natural realms, and into urban and rural areas. Reduction of environmental noise level and greenhouse gas emissions, because of reducing car traffic and temporarily shutting down factories, is another positive short-term effect of the coronavirus pandemic, which has helped clean the air and reduce the effects of global warming. Besides these positive effects, habitat destruction, illegal trafficking, and poaching of wild animals have increased in some areas. Growing the production of household and hospital waste, increasing the consumption of plastic and disposable materials, and reduction of waste recycling are some of the negative effects of the coronavirus pandemic, which put pressure on the environment by destroying resources. Increasing the use of detergents and disinfectants will have a devastating effect on nature and biodiversity. In conclusion, the positive effects of coronavirus on the environment appear to be temporary, shortterm, and small compared to the long-term consequences. Therefore, by overcoming COVID 19, we must focus on re-building a healthy society and economy, and by fully recognizing the opportunities and threats of this virus, we must consciously educate environmental behaviors.

The outbreak of COVID-19 disease, caused by a Coronavirus (related to SARS-CoV-2 infection), which emerge from Wuhan in China, has been spreading very rapidly worldwide since then. Almost from the beginning, it was noticed that asymptomatic carriers of the virus did exist, and consequently, it became clear that without being able to screen the carriers quickly and effectively, the risk of virus transmission to healthy individuals would considerably increase if early quarantine measures were not taken into account. Therefore, to track these sources of the disease, rapid and accurate screening of these seemingly healthy carriers is considered to be an essential step for early intervention and prevention of COVID-19. Considering present economic aspects and also acute practical limitations in clinical diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 worldwide, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is suggested could be of value as a potential path for early detection of the disease, which consequently could be of great value in the management of COVID-19 pandemic. This would hopefully help the global community in general and medical practitioners specifically, to take prompt steps in controlling the spread of COVID-19 in the meantime and the future.

Since the first report of the Covid-19 from Wuhan, China, in 2019, the virus has spread to other countries and continents in a very short period and has overshadowed various aspects of people's lives. Numerous research findings and, finally, the official report of the Joint Board of the WHO identified the origin of this disease from a wet Chinese market, where the wildlife trade was widespread. Once again, this caused the world's public opinion to consider the illegal and even legal trade in wildlife in the official and black markets as a threat. In the following study, due to the necessity of the subject, especially in the current critical period, the challenges of this field were addressed with a hermeneutic approach. In this regard, using documentary analysis, the articles, books, and documents were reviewed to investigate the phenomenon of illegal wildlife trade and its relationship with “ zoonotic diseases” , especially Coronavirus (Covid 19). Then, looking at the situation after the first wave of coronavirus outbreaks to this date, we answered the question whether or not corona can become the basis for a shift in the international approach to wildlife trade, especially trafficking & illegal trade. The findings suggest that redefining a sustainable development-based logical framework for the wildlife legal trade and the effective fight against illegal trade provide more effective protection against biodiversity and reduce the staggering health costs of zoonotic diseases. In the end, in order to manage the international wildlife market more efficiently, suggestions were offered to the stakeholders.

Personalized medicine refers to a set of diagnostic, treatment, and prevention activities by which patients are classified based on their personal characteristics to tailor therapy with the best response. The goals of personalized medicine include choosing the right and effective drug for different individuals, reduce drug and treatment expenditure, reducing the side effects of drugs and reduce the duration of treatment and recovery. The purpose of the present paper to investigate the importance of personalized medicine, the factors that make people different in response to their treatment, methods and techniques used to achieve personalized medicine goals, and finally to use this method to examine possible differences individuals in response to treatment is against Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). According to this approach, previously made drugs are personalized for each individual, or recombinant protein drugs are used. According to the type of agent that makes a difference between patients in response to treatment and drug, the appropriate drug type and necessary and sufficient dose prescribed for each patient. Based on the available report, in the case of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), the differences mentioned in different people can be effective in the growing course of the disease and its treatment, and the use of personal medical approach will lead to the introduction of a safe, effective, and accurate method for different people. The most important goals of personalized medicine are prevention. In such a way that personalized medicine study the probability of disease occurrence with continuous monitoring of biomarkers of different diseases before the onset of illness, pain tolerance, and finally, the side effects of different drugs for the patients’ treatment.

In order to study the impacts of the Coronavirus pandemic on the Iranian contemporary arts, particularly in painting, sculpture, theatre, and cinema, this article is deeply conducted in the field of sociology of art with both shaping and reflection approaches. The study uses a descriptive-analytical research method, and information on the analytical research method was collected through library and field methods. In this regard, Iran has considered a spatial territory, and the focus of the study is on artistic activities in Tehran in the period from March to September 1999. Moreover, research tools such as observation, interviews, and reports of experts, artists, and active experts of major and influential art centers were used. The findings of this descriptive-analytical study reveal that the pros of Coronavirus challenges may lie on the Internet capacities and capabilities as well as virtual networks which facilitate showcasing or selling the artifacts, e-learning or online education, performing competitions, meetings, seminars, and other areas of the arts which have been less experienced previously. Before, it was widely accepted that the arts inherently correlated to the physical environment and activities. But in the lock-down or quarantine periods, to protect artists and art activities, virtual environments have played an important role to keep on exhibitions, visual crafts trading, online movies, performances, drive-in cinemas, live Instagram actions, and blended learning options that reflect the critical situation within the art society. Even though the mentioned facilities can not compete for the conventional methods, in the post-Corona era, it keeps attracting the audience and supports economic efficiency in the arts. Furthermore, art productions, meetings, seminars, and competitions with the theme of Coronavirus itself will enhance people's participation, sympathy, and solidarity to suggest a national and global challenge that re-admits art shaping approaches.