DANESH-E-ENTEZAMI
Year:2021 | Volume:23 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Background and objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of drug trafficking on social security of citizens with the mediating role of public policy-making. Methodology: In terms of its objectives the present study is of an applied research type and in terms of data collection procedure and analysis it is considered as a quantitative-survey study. The statistical population of this research is 65 officials of Birjand police force. The research tool is a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by content and face validity method and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0. 87). In this study, the data were analyzed using the partial least squares method using Smart PLS software. Findings: Findings showed that drug trafficking affects the social security of citizens according to public policy-making. Public policy-making by emphasizing these axes can be effective in reducing and decreasing trafficking. A) Decreasing in demand; B) creating a logical relationship between goals and possibilities; C) paying attention to preventive and treatment-oriented policies; D) coordinated communication between law enforcement and the judiciary and expedite related judicial cases; F) comprehensive policy for border control; E) close communication between policymakers and educational institutions and non-governmental organizations can help promote social security. Results: The summary of the statistical analysis showed that drug trafficking endangers the social security of citizens. Among these, public policy-making to combat drugs is a moderator. In the phenomenon of drug trafficking, careful decision-making and how the government acts and government policies will moderate the harmful effects of drug trafficking at the community level. Anti-drug policies have a great impact on solving social security problems. Therefore, if a problem is not reasonably resolved, the type of implemented policies should be reconsidered. Careful evaluation of the implementation of policies implemented in the fight against drug trafficking can identify the shortcomings. Identifying those shortcomings will be an important step in the formulation of new policies.

Background and objectives: Sense of security is defined as the lack of danger and confidence that can lead to comfort and tranquility with prosperity, optimism, hope, self-efficacy, and flexibility. The aim of the present study was to explain the relationship between the sense of security and psychological capital, which has been explained at the level of Giddens' critique of existential security and Luthans' psychological capital. Methodology: A quantitative approach based on descriptive and explanatory survey was taken for this study. A questionnaire was employed as a research tool. 618 individuals from citizens aged 15 to 64 years old in Khorasan Razavi province were selected as the samples of the study. The samples were selected using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling method. The alpha value of psychological capital is equal to 0. 849 and the sense of security is equal to 0. 930. SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used for data analysis. Findings: Descriptive results indicate that the status of the average variable of psychological capital is low and medium and the variable of sense of security is moderate. The results of the hypotheses indicate that the variable of sense of security with the dependent variable at a significance level of 0. 05 based on correlation coefficient (0. 727) with strong intensity and based on the values of correlation coefficient of independent variable of life, moral, social, economic, family and psychological dimensions have a significant relationship with the dependent variable. According to the regression model, the components of the variables the psychological, economic, moral and life sense of security explained about 79. 4% of the changes of the dependent variable. Results: Institutionalizing existential security based on the absence of risk and building trust can flourish psychological capital, and with cooperation between those in charge of security, culture, and society, hope, optimism, self-efficacy, and flexibility can be built into citizens' behaviors.

Background and objectives: Deception is a very complex phenomenon that occurs in different social environments in different types and has consequences for the person or persons involved in deceptive behavior. While improving knowledge in the field of victimization and pathology, it can improve the exposure of the staff of centers involved in social injuries to the victims of various social frauds in the framework of victimology studies. The aim of this study was to discover, describe and interpret the experience of deception in social interactions from the perspective of victims and the challenges and strategies of victims after conflict in various types of deception (financial, sexual and marriage scams in real or virtual environment). Methodology: In order to achieve the research goal, 35 men and women aged 25 years old and over in the metropolitan area of Tehran who have the lived deception experience in the form of purposive sampling with maximum diversity in terms of age, sex, education, employment status, economic status, marital status as well as diversity in types of scams were selected. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the data were analyzed using theme analysis. Findings: According to the findings of the study, the challenges of victims after engaging in deception can be identified in the categories of social, economic, family, moral-religious, psychological, and emotional challenges. Post-deception victim coping strategies have included self-management, passive-avoidance, and action-oriented strategies. Results: The scientific confrontation of the police with the victims of social deceptions can reduce the occurrence and spread of the consequences of this type of deceptive interactions. Therefore, upgrading law enforcement knowledge in the field of new methods of prevention, detection and confrontation of various types of fraud and providing supportive counseling to victims of fraud is suggested as effective strategies.

Background and objectives: The issue of fuel smuggling in the country is one of the most important issues on the agenda of all institutions. Finding and controlling fuel smuggling in the country will be able to prevent the waste of many monetary and human resources. The purpose of this study is to design a structured model to reduce the fuel smuggling in the country by using the effective role of information technology. Methodology: In order to conduct the research, in the first phase, 14 factors affecting the reduction of fuel smuggling in the country were identified. Then, using the opinions of 76 fuel smuggling experts in the country, the relationship between each of the factors was determined through a pairwise comparison questionnaire. In order to design a structured model, interpretive structural modeling method has been used. Then, using a questionnaire consisting of 56 items, the formulated conceptual model was fitted using structural equation modeling. Findings: Findings show that the 14 factors identified in the study are in 5 general levels. Factors for reforming domestic fuel prices and aligning them with international rates with the aim of reducing the profit margin of fuel smuggling, including using modern tools and technologies to control fuel smuggling such as RFID system, providing a coherent and integrated program on fuel smuggling and the need for all Orientation of responsible agencies as initiating factors in reducing fuel smuggling in the country were identified as initiating factors in the model. Results: Appropriate and structured use of all factors affecting the country's fuel smuggling will be able to help create a healthy environment in this area and help the country's major decision makers to reduce the waste of resources from within the country.

Background and objectives: The use of mobile geographic information system is one of the advanced aspects of using mobile phone capabilities, which due to its flexibility and simplicity compared to other traditional geographic information systems, has one of the most important applications, one of the most important of which is its use in crime prevention. This study was conducted to investigate how the police use the GIS of the phone in collecting crime information. Methodology: The present study is a quantitative and descriptive survey in terms of data collection. Its statistical population is 30 faculty members of Amin Police University and an elite expert in the field of I. R. I. Police headquarters and other institutions related to modern geography technology, all of whom have been selected. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which was based on the opinion of experts and specialists to confirm its content validity, and reliability was calculated based on the alpha value of SPSS software (0. 923) and the data obtained data were analyzed using SPSS23 software. Findings: Findings showed that the use of mobile phone geographic information system capability is compatible with police missions to prevent crime; that is, at the significance level of 0. 05, the first hypothesis of the research was confirmed (p <0. 001). Also, the results of one-sample t-test at the significance level of 0. 05 confirmed the fourth hypothesis of the research that using the capability of the GIS mobile phone system leads to a reduction in crime reporting time (P = 0. 023). Results: The results of the research findings showed that using the mobile phone geographic information system, while simplifying access to the spatial and temporal information of criminals, will reduce the reporting time and prevent crime, and on the other hand, can create a sense of security and trust in missions by reducing costs and reducing crime detection speed.

Background and objectives: The management of police patrol units has been able to have a significant impact on the prevention of violent crimes, especially high-quality crimes at the community level and dealing with criminals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the police patrol management of the Tehran Metropolitan Police Command Relief Unit on the prevention of purse snatch crime. Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical and the type of research is quantitative and survey method. Also, the statistical population of this research is the commanders and officers of the police patrol unit of the northern base of the Tehran Metropolitan Police Command Relief Unit, which according to Morgan's table, 174 people have been selected by cluster sampling method. The validity of the research was obtained using face validity, i. e., the use of elite perspectives, and the reliability of all research variables was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0. 955). Findings: The method of analysis of research variables was performed using the mean coefficient and inferential statistics of one-sample t-test. The results of the mean coefficient of the research variables show: the highest mean belongs to the directing to criterion variable (3. 9626); the average planning dimension is 3. 9286; the average organization dimension is 3. 9138; the average supervision dimension is 3. 8103 and the average evaluation dimension is 3. 7780. In addition, the total average is 3. 8787. Results: The test results of the main hypothesis of the research show: (t (173) = 82. 351, p <0. 001). Therefore, the mean is equal to 3. 87867 and the value of t-test is equal to 82. 351, which at the level of 0. 00 the effect of the police patrol management of the Tehran Metropolitan Police Command Relief Unit on the prevention of purse snatch crime. In general, it can be concluded in this research that the effect of five dimensions (planning, organizing, directing, supervision and evaluating) the management of the police patrols of the Tehran Metropolitan Police Command Relief Unit on the prevention of purse snatch crime was positive, significant and moderate.

Background and objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the rights of the supervised accused person in Iranian law and its compliance with the human rights standards contained in international instruments (Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights) and to explain the commonalities and differences in order to provide practical solutions and suggestions and eliminate the relevant legal gaps in the Code of Criminal Procedure and bring it closer to human rights standards. Methodology: In terms of its objectives the present study is of an applied research type and in terms of method it is descriptive-analytic. The data were collected using library and internet resources, the theoretical issues and results of which are presented analytically and descriptively. Findings: Defendant's rights at the present stage, which was less considered by the Iranian legislature in previous criminal procedure laws, due to human rights developments and the achievements of comparative law, have been given more attention in the Criminal Procedure Code of 2013 and with legal provisions such as the right to meet with a lawyer, the right to inform family or acquaintances by telephone or any possible means (from being supervised), the right to be examined by a doctor, etc. Effective steps have been taken to develop the rights of the accused person in order to approximate it with international human rights standards. So that from now on the stage in question can be considered an integral part of the criminal proceedings; however, this institution still has major problems and many questions are raised in this regard, which have been studied and answered in the present study. Results: The overall result of the study indicates the fact that the Iranian criminal law, especially the Criminal Procedure Code of 2013, has taken great steps to ensure the defense rights of defendants, especially defendants under its supervision and compliance with international human rights standards, but still this stage is officially one that is not accepted from the criminal proceedings and has fundamental objections and ambiguities that need to be amended and revised by the Criminal Procedure Code of 2013 in this area.

Background and objectives: The police, as the executive arm of the government and an influential institution in the field of civil rights, pay attention to the rights of citizens in order to fulfill their legal duties and should not justify their obligations to citizens, which is to protect their rights and freedoms; Because it may create civil liability for the police officer or institution affected by the harmful act in police actions. Therefore, this study intends to examine and explain the harmful act of the police in terms of violation of civil rights in the law of Iran and Common Law. Methodology: The present study is of an applied research type in terms of its nature and was conducted by qualitative content analysis of the conventional type and using sources related to Iranian law and the common law legal system, which were purposefully selected in a theoretically saturated manner, and since the research was qualitative, the findings were analyzed by text presentation. Findings: The findings showed that both legal systems studied in this research, along with other pillars of civil liability, considered the condition of harmful action as a necessity for the realization and formation of police civil liability in violation of civil rights. Results: According to the findings, guilt has manifested itself more than anything else in fulfilling the condition of a harmful act, and among them, guilt in terms of the type of act, and guilt in terms of the psychological element of the harmful act were among the cases that affected citizens' rights.