Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
Year:2020 | Volume:28 | Issue:9|Papers Count:8

Introduction: Tissue engineering by using decellularized tissues has been attracted attention of researchers in the regenerative medicine. Extra cellular matrix (ECM) is a secretory product of cells inside the tissues with supportive and regulatory function for homing cells. ECM contains glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and fibrous proteins. Each particular tissue has its unique ECM, especially brain, because of its limited capacity for renovation, which is noticeable during aging and brain injuries. Recent studies reported that decellularized brain could provide necessary ECM for growth and survival of neurons. The main available decellularization techniques are based on physical, chemical and enzymatic approaches. Regarding the fragility of brain tissue, decellularization methods have been optimized to three methods: detergent, detergent enzymatic and physicochemical-enzymatic methods. Focusing on these methods, we performed this review to compare the efficacy and functionality of brain decellularization methods. Conclusion: The decellularized tissue of the brain contains a variety of glycoprotein components that can be used in the preparation of engineered scaffolds for the survival of nerve cells as well as in the preparation of brain organoids. Brain tissue decellularization has been much more successful with the methods that use the chemical solvents Triton X100, trypsin, and DNase in combination with freeze-thaw cycles and low-speed centrifuges.

Introduction: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is defined by recurring ulcers restricted to oral mucosa in the patients with no other signs of systemic disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the salivary level of interferon gamma in patients with RAS. Methods: In this case-control study, 30 patients with RAS (in Recurrence and recovery period) in the experimental and 25 healthy people as the control group were compared. Salivary interferon gamma level was evaluated by the use of ELISA method. Data were analyzed via SPSS version 16 software with Mann-U-Whitney test and Wilcoxon. P <0. 05 was considered significant. Results: The mean salivary interferon gamma levels were 45. 01± 31. 02 pg/ml and 32. 04± 19. 02 pg/ml in the patients with RAS and healthy individuals, respectively. (P>0. 001). In addition, interferon gamma level was 45. 01 ± 31. 02 pg/ml and 58. 03 ± 52. 04 pg/ml in the recurrence and recovery periods, respectively. (P=0. 67). Conclusion: Salivary interferon gamma levels were higher in the patients with RAS than healthy individuals.

Introduction: Much research has been carried out to improve drug delivery and targeted drug delivery to the body in order to minimize side effects, provide controlled delivery of the drug to the desired location and to achieve optimal therapeutic effects. Zeolitic imidazolate-8 (ZIF-8) is a subset of MOFs that are biocompatible, stable in the aquatic environment and have adjustable porosity. In addition, at pHs 5 or 6, the bond between imidazolate-zinc ions disappears and releases the drug. In this project, ZIF-8 was used as a curcumin carrier to improve the physicochemical properties and enhance the efficacy of lipophilic drugs in the treatment of cancer. Methods: This research was a basic experimental study. ZIF-8 nanoparticles were fabricated by coprecipitation method. In addition, to prove their pH sensitivity, curcumin was first encapsulated in situ in ZIF-8 and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, DLS methods. Then its release was investigated at two pH of five and 7. 4 saline phosphate buffer. Finally, In vitro study by MTT assay was performed on prostate cancer cell line (PC3). Data were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS version 16 software. Results: After characterization of the nanoparticles by the mentioned methods, it was found that the nanoparticle dimensions were between 80-60 nm and the nanoparticle dimensions with curcumin were between 120-110 nm. In addition, in the synthesis of ZIF-8 nanoparticles, %72 of the drug was loaded, which is an acceptable amount. Conclusion: These nanoparticles showed high capacity in the treatment of prostate cancer and minimal damage to healthy cells. It can be said that using this formulation for targeted drug delivery of cancer not only reduces the side effects of anti-cancer drugs but also increases their effectiveness and can also be used to deliver low-soluble or insoluble drugs in biological environments.

Introduction: Obesity is emerging as a worldwide problem. Among the factors contributing to obesity, psychological distress and self-esteem seem to be of particular importance because stressful situations lead to eating disorders, lack of exercise and difficulty in regulating emotion. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between psychological distress and self-esteem with anthropometric characteristics in obese children. Methods: The research method was correlational and the research sample included 150 students in the age range of 10 to 14 years in the academic year of 2017-18 in Ardabil City. They were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected using DASS42 questionnaire, Eysenck self-esteem questionnaires and anthropometric survey questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and Pearson correlation test and multiple regressions. The data collected were analyzed by Pearson correlation test and multiple regressions. Results: The results showed that the relationship between anxiety and depression with body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and abdominal volume index (AVI) was significant and the relationship between stress and body mass index (BMI) and abdominal volume index (AVI) was significant (p <0. 05). Moreover, the relationship between self-esteem and BMI, WHR and AVI anthropometric characteristics was significant and this relationship was negative and significant (p <0. 05). The regression results also showed that BMI was a stress reliever (p <0. 05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that anthropometric characteristics have a positive relationship with anxiety and depression and a negative relationship with self-esteem.

Introduction: More than one-third of women experience abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) during their lifetime. One of the treatment methods of this disease is hormone therapy. Vaginal rings (VRs) containing progesterone hormones could be a good choice for treatment. In this study, the design and construction of a reservoir ring with the ability to release levonorgestrel hormone has been investigated. Methods: In this experimental study, to make vaginal rings containing levonorgestrel, biocompatible silicone fibers were used, the two ends of which were connected with special caps. Different amounts of LNG including 0. 1, 0. 2 and 0. 4 weight percent relative to paraffin were loaded into the fibers. These three prototypes were named RSC1, RSC2, and RSC3, respectively. The daily and cumulative release of LNG from these rings was measured by spectrophotometer and compared using SPSS software version 16 and analyzed by one-way ANOVA method. Results: On the first day, there was a burst release that was different for these three prototypes depending on the drug loading percentage. From the second until thirtieth day for RSC3 and from forth until thirtieth day for RSC1 and RSC2, prolonged release was achieved and average daily release for RSC1, RSC2, and RSC3 were 24. 10 ± 8. 22, 41. 77 ± 9. 02 and 83. 29 ± 5. 07μ g, respectively. Conclusion: According to the findings, it is possible to design VRs capable of prolonged and sustained release of LNG for up to 30 days and control their daily release rate based on initial drug loading. This method may be a suitable alternative to oral hormonal pills in the treatment of AUB.

Introduction: In neonatal period, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best neuroimaging to find etiology of seizure. The aim of this study was to evaluate brain MRI findings of neonates with clinical seizure and its effect on diagnostic and therapeutic interventions of newborn. Methods: In a retrospective study, medical records and brain MRI findings of neonates with clinical seizure admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit or Pediatric Ward of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran from September 2018 and before were evaluated. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software, the required indicators and tables were prepared and Fisher exact test and Chi-square test were used to determine the relationship between qualitative variables and independent t-test was used to compare the means in the two groups Results: Twenty-five girls and 38 boys were studied. The cause of seizures was found in 94% and the most common cause of congenital hypoxia was in 22 infants (35%). The most common type of seizure was tonic in 23 infants (36. 5%) and the most common type of generalized seizure was in 47 infants (75%). Brain MRI was abnormal in 19 neonates (30%). Based on the MRI results, there was a change in therapeutic interventions (brain surgery) in four infants (6. 3%) and in diagnostic interventions (metabolic tests) in 19 infants (30%). Abnormal brain MRI was more frequent in neonates by cesarean section (46%) than normal vaginal delivery (19%), (p= 0. 01) and also neonates with partial seizure (37. 5%) had an abnormal MRI than generalized seizure (21%), (p= 0. 03). Mean of hospitalization days was longer in neonates with abnormal brain MRI (12. 32± 2. 76 days) than neonates with normal MRI (8. 57± 2. 82 days) (P = 0. 02). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, brain MRI might be useful in finding intracranial pathology that causes seizure in neonates by cesarean section to detect birth asphyxia and in newborns with partial seizure.

Introduction: One of the fractal analysis methods to examine the structure of a texture is fractal dimension (F. D. ) measurement. F. D is a quantitative method to show the complexity of a structure using a number. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different exposure conditions, voltages and angle of x-ray tube on F. D. values of mandibular bone. Methods: This lab-trial analytical research was conducted on ten healthy, non-fracturing human mandibles. Periapical digital images were obtained by the Peri-Apical Focus (Planmeca, Finland) with a constant time of 0. 2 seconds and changes in exposure conditions and angle of the tube. Periapical radiographs were obtained with 2 kV voltages of 60, 70, with2 mA of 400, 500, and 3 tube angles of-5, 0, +5 degrees. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 16 software and Kolmogorov– Smirnov test, mann whitney testand ANOVA test. Results: No significant difference was observed in fractal mean values between 60 and 70 kVp and among 5-, 0, 5+ degrees in all 10 mandibles. There was a significant difference between the 400 and 500 mA just in one case (p≤ 0. 05). Conclusion: Considering the incompatibility of the amount of calculated fractal dimension from kVp, mA and tube angle, this method can be used as a useful tool in dentistry to examine the structure of spongy bone and its changes in various pathological conditions. Then, standardize the periapical imaging technique to compare it is not necessary.

Introduction: The effect of mothers' group discussion on the level of knowledge and practice of adolescent girls about puberty health in public high schools in Ghaemieh in 2019. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental interventional study with a pre-test-post-test design with the control group. In this study, two schools were randomly selected and 40 students from each school were selected as a sample. Group discussion sessions with the mothers participated in a circular manner were held during 4 sessions for each intervention group once a week for 40 minutes for a month. In this study, the standard questionnaire of Alizadeh Cherandabi et al (2014) was used to measure the knowledge and performance of the students. T-test was used to compare the mean scores of variables before and after the intervention. All statistical operations were performed by SPSS Version 16 software and the significance level was considered P <0. 05. Results: The results of independent t-test showed that before the intervention, the mean scores of knowledge and practice about puberty health were not significantly different between the two groups (P> 0. 05). The intervention was significantly higher than the control group (P <0. 05). Conclusion: The analysis of the findings of this study confirmed the effectiveness of education through group discussion in promoting the knowledge and practice of adolescent girls about physical puberty health. Therefore, officials, health educators and school counselors are advised to hold regular training sessions as a group discussion for mothers of teenage girls.