RESEARCH BULLETIN OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY (HUMANITIES)
Year:2007 | Volume:22 | Issue:1|Papers Count:12

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the factors impact demand for travel to Iran in the form of tourism. Based on about three decades data on tourism the paper estimates the demand function for truism industry. The modified model implies that one percent increase in ratio of the national retail consumer price index (NCPI) to the World retail consumer price index (WCPI) decreases 25 point percent demand for travel to Iran. While one percent increase in the Gross Global Product (GGP) increases 45 point percent demand for travel to Iran. The paper also shows that the internal social and political development as well as the security problems can determine considerably the rate of demand for travel to Iran which, in turn, can affect the shape the foreign exchange reserve negatively.

Aimed to the tourism development, the Evaluation of environmental potential in the objective of this study In the Choghakhor Dehastan. From the Boldaji district of Borujen in Chaharmahal va Bakhtyari province as a study area.With regards to the various environmental resources and potentials and also natural and human tourism attractive features of the region appropriate and adequate planning for rational and sustainable use of these resources will be effective to the mitigation of socio – economical dilemmas and conducts the region rewards the integrated and sustainable development.By using of systemic analysis approach, the study has been done in seven steps for example: resources identification, data collection and analysis, zoning and coding the area (environmental unit) and assessing the environmental potentials respectively.According to the results, all of the region has a high potential for the tourism development in both intensive and extensive recreational. The region has been separated to the four areas as: grade 2 extensive recreations, grade 1 extensive and grade 2 intensive recreations, grad 1 extensive and intensive recreation and grade 1 extensive grad recreation respectively.

The pieces and evidences found in the pre-historic hills reveal that the town of Saveh enjoys a rich historical antiquity. The survival of the large Asia Abad Sassanid castle near the city traces the antiquity if the town back to the sassanid period. Saveh has been classified as one of the Islamic historical sites by islamic geographers. Saveh was ruled by the arab rulers in the primal centuries of islam. According to the survey done by historians, Saveh was in it’s prosperious time during the fourth hijra century (10th century AD) and even after the mongol’s invasion to Iran up to tenth hijra century (16th century AD).There was a great library in Saveh which was put to fire by the mongols. The existance of hospitals, schools and caravansaries are evidences of the importance and creditability of the twon. Fruits such as figs, apples and pomegranates were produced in large quantity, yet still pomegranate of Saveh is world famous in taste and quality. The mausoleum of Imam Reza’s brother, (Imamzadeh Eshagh) is located in Saveh. The congregation mosque of the twon with its numeral inscriptions belonging to different eras, had it’s unique beauty, and is still one of the most outstanding mosques of its time. The tomb of shemoil the prophet is located near Saveh within 24 kilometers of distance. Hamdollah Mostofi has recalled the larg and vast transportation roads of this town.Up to Safavid period; Saveh was concidered as a serious competitor in pottery skills for the cities of Ray and Kashan. Shell-enameled poteries are discovered from the town. The oldest type of this pottery is traced back to 10th cetury AD., revealing the rich pottery is traced back to 10tgh cetury AD., revealing the rich pottery craft of the twon. The pottery works discovered in Saveh, trace back to sassanid period (beginning of Islam) up to safavid period.

Unsuitable development and rapid growth of big cities without required arrangements and infrastructures, has resulted in many negative consequences in various parts of the city (including Isfahan city as the third Iranian big city). In this way organizing urban environments and its public uses such as urban furniture is an effective application of urban design which aims to improvement of urban environment and meeting different human needs.Therefore the spatial analysis of urban furniture and recognition of its disadvantages and advantages as an important element and uses in the central part of Isfahan, with reducing negative effects of increasing visual beauty, will result in improvement of life quality and identification of its residents.In this research by means of analytical methods, and data collecting through field studies, questioners (400 cases), interview with experts (in related organizations) and secondary data, it has been tried to study the current situation of urban furniture in the study area. (Tourist places in C.B.D. of Isfahan). Then based on the result obtained containing disadvantages and advantages of these elements, some strategies have been proposed to make proper environmental situation for citizens, conserve their prosper, improve the quality of public spaces of the city and access ideal situations regarding to urban furniture.

Water resources development including interbasin water transfer needs careful study and process the main purpose in this article is water transfer of karoon basin to Zayandehrood basin. This paper with the application of a statistical approach and a review of the past interbasin water transfer projects introduces the study on water transfer planning in to basin karoon and Zayandehrood, points out the problems of the study, gives the generals idea about the system for adjusting, and provides measures for taken water of karoon to zayadhrood basin. The method of this study has used the statistical package in order to analysis the systematic way of environmental, economical and social impacts.

It is normal located in a subtropical high pressure condition at 30oN and 30oW and its maximum effective extend is in the Eastern Half to 30oE.The Iceland low pressure is in 60oN and shows an obvious contrast with STHP (subtropical high pressure). The condition of the two systems pressure and the pressure differential between the latitudes 35oN and 55oN bring about the ZI and NAO indices. According to the ZI, the normal circulation in a long period is a zonal pattern. The general orientiation of the axis extension in the systems is Westrn-Eastern. These systems have moved a little from their normal condition toward the North east. Study in to the normal maps showes that the frequency of the Siberian high pressure Balkhash and Altaic establishment pattern is more than that of the oher patterns. Between the Siberian high pessure hectopascal isopessure 1017.5 subtropical high pressures, the east Mediterranean trough has developed 30o to 40oE. This trough is located approximately a long the red sea trough. Sudenes the Soudense low pressure is located at 10oN and 20oE.The normal movement inclination of the systems is more often toward the North-Eastern red sea than the Eastern Mediterranean sea. The average with drawals of the subtropical high height and the polar vortex to the Southern latitudes are up to 15oN and 38oN respectively. At the 850 and 700 hectopascal levels, the subtropical high height divides in to two cells. The Mediterranean Eastern trouigh at the 500 hectopascal level has been deepended between the to Western and Eastern cells of the subtropical high height and a long the maximum advancing of the polar vortex. The average thickness of the atmosphere in the coutry is 5650 hgt/m. Most of the wet year period in the country coincides with the thickness decrease.

Flexibility and more correspondence of the methodology with the study objectives -especially in environmental studies- leads to the more rationality in planning and decision making procedures for managing environment and conducts the results highly to the realities. The purpose of this study is estimation and optimal classification of soil salinity for green area architecture for Kish Island soils. The primary data were gathered and generated via field operations and laboratory studies and were prepared for final analysis via appropriate processing operations by using of The AHP technique and linear programming methods. Aimed to this a weight aged proposed method was developed and used in order to determination of appropriate numerical weights for various depth layers of  soil salinity and computation of an overall value of salinity for each given profile, based on the preference linear programming models. And was compared with the ordinary FAO method for assessing of salinity in a given profile. With applying of two simple interpolation and geostatiatical Kriging estimator methods in the following, the continues salinity maps were generated for the study area by using of ILWIS 3.2 software. These maps were compared by map overlay operations and computation of confusion matrix. Results showed a very high correspondence between two maps at level of almost 90 percent. So, in spite of the proved preference of Kriging estimator, in situations with relative homogenous spatial variabilitis, the simple interpolation, based on it's simplicity of application and acceptable flexibility, is a precisely acceptable and efficiently appropriate method, with compared to the Kriging one. At the final, both of two mentioned classifications showed a little salinity limitation for green area application in the study area soils.

The term "teleconnection pattern" refers to a recurring and persistent, large-scale pattern of pressure and circulation anomalies that span vast geographical areas. Teleconnection patterns are also referred to as preferred modes of low-frequency (or long time scale) variability.Teleconnection patterns reflect large-scale changes in the atmospheric wave and jet stream patterns, and influence temperature, rainfall, storm tracks, and jet stream location/ intensity over vast areas. Thus, they are often the culprit responsible for abnormal weather patterns occurring simultaneously over seemingly vast distances. 14 teleconnection patterns have been recognized in Northern Hemisphere. In this paper we attempt to detect the relationship between monthly temperature of Iran and the teleconnection indicies. we used mean monthly temperature data and monthly index of each teleconnection pattern for the period of 1951 through 2003.teleconnection pattern indices are gathered from the www.cpc.noaa.gov and  temperature data for 338 stations of Iran are gathered from www.irimet.net.In this paper we used linear regression technique .We regressed each index against the monthly temperature for all 338 stations for each month during the period of record (1951 trough 2003). This study attempts to detect significant relationships for 14 indices using Matlab7, Then the results plotted in geographic in G.I.S environment.This study showed that none of the indices could explain a great deal of temperature variations of a large member of stations. Meanwhile some indices in some months could explain some part of temperature variations of some stations.

Ozone discovered in 1839 by Shonbine. Until 1850 anyone knew that Ozone is one of the gases that makes atmosphere. Ozone makes the %  of atmosphere volume. Ozone distributed non homogen in the atmosphere. About %10 in the troposphere and %90 in stratosphere. Ozone is the most chemical photo oxidant in the atmosphere so National America Air Quality Standards based on it. If the density of ozone more than 0.12 part per million, it will be dangerous. Tropospheric Ozone is a pollutant and changes primary pollutants to secondary pollutants. In this paper we analyzing Ozone data during 1995- 2005. Esfahan Ozone metric station located in 51 o27 ´East and in 32 o47 ´North in the south part of city. The elevation of it is 1550 m.In this paper we determine the trend of Ozone by statistical software such as SPSS& EXECL. We conclude that Total Ozone has not significant correlation with weather stability but temperature and wind speed in upper level especially in 50 milibarr have strong effect on it. Surface ozone has strong correlation with surface weather conditions especially with maximum temperature and sun shine.

Thunderstorm rainfall is considered as a very vital climatic factor because of its significant effects and often disastrous consequences upon people and the natural environment in the Northwest of Iran. Some experiences have indicated that thunderstorm activity is a characteristic feature of the humid / warm spring and summer months in this region and that rainfall from thunderstorms is a major source of moisture for most parts of the study area. In addition. Flash floods are usually associated with the type of thunderstorm that produces localized, but very intense rainfall, which damages property and even results in a loss of life.Consequently, the main purpose of this study was to analyze the temporal distribution and variation of thunderstorm rainfalls in the northwest of country for the duration of 1951 - 2002. It was found that such rains in the region have marked diurnal and seasonal variations. They are most frequent in the spring and summer and during the early afternoon and late evening. The final conclusion reveals the interplay of synoptic weather situations, physiographic effects and some environmental elements in the controlling of thunderstorm rainfalls in the study area.

The bud break phase of orchard trees is the most critical phase to climatic condition especially low temperature and frost. Therefore predicting the time of bud break is very important. If a model can predict the date of budding, it would be possible to protect buds from the spring late frost.  Bud break for deciduous fruit trees such as Apple mainly depend on air temperature and its variation during the winter season. The exposure to a particular duration of cold temperature is needed to release dormancy followed by a spring growth. This study was performed in Golmakan region in Northeast of Iran during years 1999 to 2004. In this research the budding date of apple trees was predicted for spring of 2005 at 24th March in Northeast of Iran. Also the hazard of late frost on has been estimated as 67% after this date. This is pretty high risk for apple trees buds and it is necessary growers to protect their gardens from frost injuries.