SOCIOLOGY OF WOMEN (JOURNAL OF WOMAN AND SOCIETY)
Year:2020 | Volume:11 | Issue:1 (41)|Papers Count:12

Good governance is one of the most important factors affecting people's health and quality of life, and it is directly influential on the mental and physical health of people through increasing social capital, social protection, and preparation of employment and households’,security and welfare. The importance of the issue is doubled in females, assuming their health sensitivity to environmental factors. Thus, considering the importance of the issue, in this study the relationship between governance indicators and women's health (life expectancy, mortality, and other physical and social health indicators) has been studied in upper-middle income countries with GMM aproach for the period of (2002-2013). The results show that in countries where governance indicators are at a higher level, the female population is healthier and the mortality rate is less, hence, their quality of life is at a higher level. Also other variables including domestic production per capita and health expenditure per capita have significant positive impact on women’, s life expectancy and also negative and significant effect on their mortality rate and their fertility and unemployment rate, have significant negative impact on life expectancy and positive and significant effect on their mortality rate.

The aim of this research was to achieve the cause and grounds of loneliness of women for deep recognition of this phenomenon. This study was carried out in a qualitative way to the phenomenological method and with purposeful sampling, to collect data from the semi-structured interview of women between the ages 30-55 years old, they included 98 married, divorced and bachelor women in Shiraz city in 2018-2019. The interviews were recorded and then analyzed and analyzed in a seven-step Colaizzi (1987) method. Findings from the factors and fields of loneliness were summarized in 11 main themes and also with 38 sub themes. The factors include 4 main themes: Non consonantal with wife, lake of communication skills, lack of support, weakness of empathy, and the grounds include 7 main themes: Unbalanced family, the imagine of God, mood disorders and the situation, physical problems, emotional cognitive inefficacy, weak self-esteem and positive cognitive regulation. The study findings can provide a clear picture of the experience of women who feel lonely so that that they can advantageous to address them.

The present study describes the factors that inhibit the economic participation of women by the family in the local community. This research was conducted in two groups of employed and unemployed married women between the ages of 25 and 45, residing in the village of Behdeh, from the Parsian County, Hormozgan province. The data were collected in a qualitative manner using a grand theory approach and interviewing and group discussion techniques. The data were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding and continued to the theoretical saturation stage. The findings of this study show that values and attitudes (interpretations that women have of customs), beliefs and faith (belief in male superiority and superintendence), Gender stereotypes (separation of public and private spaces, feminine and masculine), type of ownership and authority (decision on income and expenses and ownership of assets) and type of decision making and choice (choice of job, migration, marriage, and divorce), They were the most influential components of women's economic participation. In general, gender stereotypes in all aspects of men's and women's lives make them ready to accept the roles that they have been trained by family and education institutions in the Socialization way.

This research aims to investigate the role of school organizational trust, self-efficacy on the The professional development of elementary school female teachers, was conducted with the mediating role of leadership perception. The statistical population consisted of all elementary school Formal female teachers in Urmia city1400 people. Using a Stratified random sampling method, 302 subjects were selected as the sample from Cochran Formula. Measurement tools included standardized questionnaires whose validity and reliability were confirmed. Reliability of self-efficacy questionnaires, organizational trust, leadership perception, and professional development based on Cronbach's alpha were 0. 91, 0. 92, 0. 89, 0. 86, respectively. The research method was a descriptive correlation study which was analyzed using SPSS and Amos software using structural equation modeling. The results show that teacher self-efficacy, trust, and leadership are positively and significantly correlated with teacher's professional development, but self-efficacy has no direct and significant effect on professional development. The indirect effect of trust is an incentive for professional development through positive and meaningful leadership perceptions, and leadership perception is also an intermediary in the relationship of trust and self-efficacy with professional development. Based on research findings, it can be concluded that in order to enhance the professional development of elementary female teachers, it is possible to strengthen and enhance organizational trust and self-efficacy, which can also be the modification and selection of appropriate leadership styles as one of the mediators of professional development.

Increasing women's self-esteem and positive image of hijab are among the most prioritized and appropriate strategies used to internalize the value of hijab. The present study, while analyzing the life experiences of female students, examined their perception of the veil. This study is based on qualitative approach and phenomenological method, with study of 20 participants among high school girl students in Tabriz. This research was conducted with purposeful sampling method with 22 individual interviews and a semi-structured group interview. Data analysis was performed based on the seven-step Kellasie strategy. The findings show that in the lived experience of students, hijab is not just about covering the tent, hijab chasing should be considered in all behavior. The students' experiences also included themes such as: Observance of the veil depends on its clarity, modification of the cognitive system is the best way of teaching the veil. Being ideological about the idea of hijab is the most important way to observe it and the inner tendency to wear it is the most sustainable way of doing it. The hijab style is based on the creation of up-to-date identity. Lack of learning of the tent pattern results in differentiation in student groups.

In this paper, with the purpose of better understanding of the relationship between education and the employment of women with their divorce, the socio-economic factors which affect on divorce are investigated in the provinces of Iran by using the micro data of Household Expenditure and Income Survey in 2014 which covers 18885 households and the application of pseudo-panel data method. At first step, a subset of the data was collected include male and female who were divorced or married (16503 breadwinner) and categorized them on the base of the provinces. Data was analyzed based on the initial classification. Then On the base of Deaton(1985), and Goaed and Ghazouani (2001) the logit model of this research with pseudo-panel data and including explanatory variables,household size, the occupation of the head and his/her literacy and household income, age and age square of head, with emphasis of female education and occupation,was regressed by using the Maximum Likelihood method. On the base of results, household size, the occupation of the head and his/her literacy and household income reduces the probability of divorce, while the effect of women's higher education on the probability of divorce is positive. Also, the relationship between age and divorce is U inverted. It means in the early years of their household common life, and in the latter years, the probability of divorce is less than the average age of the head of household.

The purpose of the current research is to survey the influence of Social and Cultural factors on youth tendency to public sport. The research is has been conducted by applied method in its goal and by descriptive one in its path. The population of the research includes all youth in Tehran (about 3040248 person) from which 370 ones were selected in accordance with De Israeil (2008 online) sample size table the size has been increased to 400 for accuracy and has been choosen through the multi-stage cluster random sampling. The Data gathered by the standard questionnaires of the social support, the social acceptance, the social capital, the social favorite behavior, the cultural capital, the cultural intelligence and the religious orientation along with researcher made one about public sport with the CVR: of 0. 860 and the content validity: of 0. 776 and the reliability: of 0. 894. the data has been analysed by the liner Regression and the results shows that lack of social capital, social favorite behavior and social support affect significantly on public behavior and lack of social acceptance, cultural intelligence, cultural capital and belief and value orientations did not affect on public sport.

Fictional works comprise a field the feminists take advantage of to express women's problems and concerns. Wherever there is a trace of women, feminism has challenged and cast doubt on many norms, traditions, and the dos and don'ts. Expressing women problems, some woman-oriented fictional works have also had negative effects,for these works view family, marriage, and marital relationships from an anti-value point. This is while the value of family as a small but much influential institute in providing mental health and peace for the family members and meeting their emotional needs has been ignored. The present paper tries to offer a critical analysis of family damages through studying a few feminist fictional works, using the pathological approach and the comparative study method. These fictional works include The Dog and the Long Winter by Shahrnoush Parsipur, My Bird by Fariba Vafi, and the short stories The Stains, The Apartment 1, 2, 3 from the collection The Acrid Taste of Persimmon by Zoya Pirzad. The stories are selected with regard to their woman-oriented nature, their female authors, their connection with family concerns, and their female protagonists. The findings show that through foregrounding emotional divorce, opposing viewpoints in marital relationship, women's loss of identity, and official divorce, and focusing on patriarchy and misandry, these fictional works have had negative effects on the value of marriage and family as an institute.

The persent research was aimed at the comparison of general health, self-efficacy and social competence of male and female students with working mother and non working mother in Shahid Chamran University. The research design was ex post facto. The study population included all male and female students in the academic year 2016-2017. The sample consisted of 80 students with working mother (40 male, and 40 female), and 80 students with non working mother (40 male, and 40 female), who were selected randomly by multistage sampling. The instruments used in this research consisted of General Health Questionnaire, (Goldberg & Hiller), Self-Efficacy Scale (Sherer & Adams), and Social Competence Scale (Fnler & Pillips). The data were analyzed by MANONA and ANOVA using SPSS version 24 software. The results showed there is no significant difference in general health, self-efficacy and social competence of male and female students with working mother and non working mother. According to this research, it seems that there are another variables which may have more active role than mothers` job.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between mindfulness and prosocial behavior. The research method was correlational and the statistical population of the study was all undergraduate female students of Shiraz University in the academic year 2018-2019. Participants were 237 students selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling and completed the research instruments consisted of multidimensional scale of prosocial behavior, adolescent and adult mindfulness scale and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling method. The findings showed that mindfulness was a positive and significant predicator of prosocial behavior, adaptive and non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Also, adaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation played a mediator role in the relationship between mindfulness and prosocial behavior. But non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies could not play a mediator role in relation of mindfulness to prosocial behavior. Based on this research results, it can be concluded that more students’,mindfulness results in more use of their adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and thus enhances their prosocial behavior.

The purpose of the present article was to investigate the social factors associated with the status of monks in Christianity and Buddhist religions. This study, which is a descriptive and historical type, was carried out using library method. In Buddhism and Christianity, the women and men who practiced asceticism were called nuns and monks respectively. In fact, monasticism in religions is a kind of asceticism which is interpreted as a way of life. The findings of the research showed that for Buddhists, women had no place, in fact, the Buddha was afraid of women’, s moral slip. However, they accepted women in Sangha and allowed them with disgust to enter the monastic coterie. Of course, this permission was given after admitting all the conditions that required absolute obedience of women from men. But in Christianity, in monastic systems, the monks considered women seductive. This was more due to the social and cultural conditions of the time. But over time, the number of nuns and special monasteries increased to the point that even women. The results that sexual view to women was a major obstacle for women's spiritual participation in the monasticism rings. Although, in the beginning, the entry of nuns was opposed for various reasons, with the change of cultural and social conditions, women found their social status in these two great religions. In fact, the number of women increased to such an extent that it became equal to that of men and even the special.

The aim of this research was to predict Addiction, Anxiety and Impulsivity based on Adverse Childhood Experiences, Depression, Hopelessness and Parental Health among adolescent girls. the research method was descriptive in the form of correlation and regression. The statistical community included all girls' students of the English teaching institutions in Ardabili in 2018. A sample of 165 girls were selected out of the community through available sampling. Research Measures included substance, alcohol, smoke and psychoactive drugs abuse questionnaire, adverse childhood experiences questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-2, Hopelessness scale, impulsivity-aggression scale, family attention questionnaire and generalized anxiety questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics' indices, Pearson correlation analysis, and regression by using SPSS 23. finding show that there is a positive significant correlation between adverse childhood experiences and addiction, anxiety, and impulsivity. Parental attention has a negative correlation with addiction, anxiety, and impulsivity. Also, Depression and hopelessness has a correlation with impulsivity and anxiety. Depression play an important role in predicting impulsivity and anxiety, but in predicting addiction, the role on adverse childhood experiences was more important. From these findings, it can be concluded that relationship among family members and early year's development are key factors in predicting later life disorders.