JOURNAL OF LITERARY THOUGHTS
Year:2009 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:9

The present research accounts for the characteristic patterns of ergativity within the central dialect of Talishi language as one of the most important modern endangered North-Western Iranian languages. Talishi includes three main dialects as follows: Northern, Central and Southern dialects, which are divided according to the geographical area of their usage. The only dialect in which ergativity is preserved is the central one. Due to the crucial role of case and case marking studies in linguistic analyses, the present research is focused on the central dialect to be able to present a scientific analysis of the ergative data within the domain of active simple and compound transitive sentences. The analysis also demonstrates the agreement patterns in transitive and intransitive verbs, as well as the realization of case marking in the system under investigation according to Dixon’s criteria.

Literary and artistic works are the mental and spiritual products of human beings. Since human beings are Social and educational in nature, he will inevitably reflect his educational and biological impacts in his works. Among common people, types of behaviors, acts and reactions and social interactions stem these peculiarities and among the men of letters and artist, these peculiarities and realized more delicately in their artistic manifestations and their systematic thoughts. There for, the relationship between society and art or literature and society is an inevitable phenomenon. Accordingly, we can trace most of the concepts or literary and artistic creativities in the heart of the concepts of society. The present article tries to seek the social objective from different angles through the use of expert’s achievement.

Freedom has been used with a large range of concepts and meanings by past poets of Iran. They mean mostly: Frankness, not being slave, delivering of material and sensual obligations Freedom, in new meanings like as Democracy and liberalism was used firstly in Mashrute period, and formed a knot with the life and eternity of the people. Therefore it gets one of the basic concepts of Persian poem. Furthermore, the poets used it as a falconer tool against the despotism and colonization. These poets had different senses and meanings of freedom. In this paper we try to state these commentaries.

The article tries to study the picturizing in Akhavan Saleth’s poem. To study and analyze imagination in poem can be done vertically and horizontally. This article shows that Akhavan has been able to give a picture of imagination and to have a proper understanding of picturizing and the Concordance between the elements used to achieve the given purpose.

One of the unique stylistic methods of Sa'eb Tabrizi in the use of semantic oppositions and implications in his poems, a feature that make his poem distinctive from the other's, thus creating original poetic implications (queer meaning) in his poetic collection. Semantic opposition and implications of fluctuating thought in Sa'eb collection means that he, to create different poetical implications and meaning and to avoid stereotyped and traditional subject and implications common in Persian literature, has broken the previous poetical traditions and created a new poetical style through the application of two separate oppositions of a single phenomenon and giving a quite new semantic load to the words. The present article studies this issue in Sa'eb poems together with providing some instances here in from of other poets using Indian style.

Juncture or pause is a suprasegmental phoneme that differentiates the meanings of compound words, phrases and clauses. It originally works in spoken language, extending to written language. It is a phonological boundary, marking linguistic items. Apart from its use in language, it is of vital importance in literature, mainly in plays on words.

If we look at the history of man’s lives from the very beginning up to now, we will see some people with different life styles, as if they used to live contrary to the common people and swim upstream. These difference have led the others not to know them property; thus every body have talked about them based on their own great figures prevent us from knowing them in reality. As a result, there are always different view point and attitudes on them. Among these personalities in the history of Persian literature, we can refer to Khayyam in the past and Sadeq Hedayat in the contemporary time. One of them has introduced his own philosophical gist in quatrain, while one has expressed himself in the shortest and the most concise discoursal frame and the other has depicted his own ideas in the short stories in prose. Similar to these thinkers in Arab literature, we can refer to AbolA'la' Ma'arri living before Khayyam and Hedayat. He is also of the same personality complicity stated there of. The present article seek to study the life and poems AbolA'la and compare his way of thinking with those of Khayyam and Hedayat.

Mirzade Eshghi (1273-1303) a poet, a writer and a journalist, a defiant and a modernist of enlightment era - deals with different political, social and belief issues. The present article studies love mentalities in society such as home, lomplaint against the time, criticizing the rivals, satire lampoon, paying attention to poverty, women’s rights, advice, etc. It also studies political issues like fighting against colonialism, despotism, opposing fyrrany, encouraging people to shed blood, etc. ore over, it also deal with belief issues such as religious thoughts, ignoring the time, folklores, ignoring the resurrection day, man debasing, paying respect to Zoroaster and his religion, chaos it the world, skepticism toward the created world, etc. The most fundamental concept in Eshgi’s poem is to love home for which he sacrificed himself.

Although it is inevitable to use the functions of meta literary and meta linguistic factors like Socio-economic factors and social ones to correctly interpret the poems composed by Nima Yushij as an enlightening mass medium, it is impossible to ignore the position and the status of the poem from the perspective of Formalism and Objectivism. Nima who represents a new and separate literary style in poems, has created some novelty in the form and language of poem, since his style, compared with those of his precious poets, is more out standing and distinctive. Formalistic approach to the study of literary texts and through logical methodology began with the emergence of formalistic school and other circles in linguistics. Russian linguists believed that literary criticism from the angle of linguistics must study the language objectively and scientifically. One of the formalistic concept to study the literary texts and literary language in general is the concept of foregrounding which is discussed under the title deviations and normalization. Leech has discussed different type of deviations in eight categories like lexical, syntactic, phonological, semantic, dialectual, temporal and stylistic. Safavi has discussed the process of creating norms at the three levels: phonological, and semantic parallels. The article tries to study the poems of Nima Yushij from the perspective of formalistic approach with regard to creating norms and deviations. The presupposition of this article is that modern poetry in general and Nima’s poetry, due to their specific styles, are more capable of being deciant.